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Meat Atlas

Everything About Meat

Beef chuck to pork belly, lamb rack to chicken oyster, plus tuna sashimi cuts — anatomy charts, grading systems and doneness temperatures. Hover a cut for a quick card; click through for the full story.

Butcher diagram — tap a cut
At a glance

Start here

Short paths into the atlas — pick one and follow the seven sections.

Open cut spectrum

Meat atlas FAQ

Why do cut names disagree across countries?
Butchery maps differ (KR/JP/US/EU). Use the names tool and localLens.
Is doneness the same as food safety?
No. Color/feel guides are culinary; safety temperatures cite agencies.
Do localized pages fall back to English?
No. A language without a full translation does not get a page.
Is tuna treated as meat here?
Yes — cut atlas sibling with sashimi and cook paths, not a fish field guide.
Where do grade stamps come from?
Named systems (USDA, BMS, EU) — do not mix stamps across systems.
Can I swap cuts for a recipe?
Use the swap matrix and spectrum — fat and collagen matter more than English aliases.

The chart is the navigation

Beef Primals

Hover a cut for a summary, click to open its page — local names, dishes it suits, recommended doneness and how to pick it at the counter.

BEEFPORKCHICKENLAMBTUNA
Beef Primals TOOL-LIFES / MEAT ATLAS
CHUCKChuck RIBRibeye LOINStriploin SIRLOINSirloin ROUNDRound BRISKETBrisket PLATEShort plate FLANKFlank ShankShank HEADHead & cheek Oxtail
FIG. 1 — BOS TAURUS / PRIMAL DIVISIONtool-lifes.com/meat

Marbling is not something you explain in words

The BMS 1–9 scale, drawn rather than described. Japanese A5, Korean 1++, USDA Prime and Australian MSA all sit on this one axis, so grades from different countries can finally be compared by eye.

Doneness is a colour, not a guess

Drag the slider and the cross-section repaints along the real myoglobin curve. Core temperature and resting time move with it.

Doneness spectrum

Myoglobin colour from blue to well — teaching marks, not a food-safety chart.

57°C Medium rareRest 3 min
46°C52°C57°C63°C69°C77°C

One axis ties the whole atlas together

Myoglobin shifts with oxygen and heat: deep purple-red when deoxygenated, bright cherry when oxygenated, grey-brown once fully cooked. Those three points are this atlas's entire palette — and the shared visual language of the freshness, doneness and ageing pages.

Toggle Celsius or Fahrenheit on the doneness gauge.

Temperatures are guidance for whole-muscle cuts. Ground meat and poultry need 71°C / 160°F throughout.

What should I buy?

Answer a few preference questions and the atlas ranks every cut that fits — same meters the charts already use, no black box.

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Deep reads

Long-form essays on marbling, names, heat, aging, offal and tuna — each with a local market lens.

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By occasion

Weeknight speed, weekend fire, slow braises and shared pots — start from the night you are cooking.

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By goal

Lean plates, meal prep, budget stretches and feast cuts — start from what dinner needs to do.

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Common questions

Short answers that match how people search — then jump into the cut, method or deep read.

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Safety & freshness

Cold chain, thawing, ground meat and poultry temperatures, and kitchen habits that protect flavour and guests.

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FAQ

Answers gathered from the atlas home and deep reads — doneness, grades, names, storage and cooking.

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Our method

What the meters, cook scores, nutrition figures and doneness guides measure — and what they do not claim.

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Dishes by cut

You know the dish. The atlas maps it back to the primal — galbi, tonkatsu, shawarma and more.

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Butcher names

Aguja, sot-l'y-laisse, gopchang — the counter names that confuse travellers, listed next to the atlas cut.

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Cut swaps

Counter substitutions that keep the cooking method honest — not random swaps.

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Doneness by animal

Beef can stay pink. Poultry cannot. One slider does not fit every species — use the right axis.

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Find a cut by cooking

You know what you want to cook — not which cut to buy. Pick a method and the atlas ranks every cut that scores well for it.

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Cut spectra

Sort the atlas by fat, tenderness, price or calories — the same meters as the charts, as ranked lists.

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Grill or braise?

Some cuts score high on both high-heat and long moist cooking. Here is the atlas decision table, then the cuts that can go either way.

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Aging

What each process does to flavour and yield, and which primals usually see the knife.

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Calories & protein

Change the cut and calories can triple. Here are 38 cuts side by side on a 100 g basis.

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Storage, thawing & aging

Fridge days, freezer months, and how to thaw safely. Most meat is wasted in storage, not in the pan.

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Portion calculator

Pick a headcount and an occasion and you get a shopping weight. Grill nights and soup nights use very different per-person baselines.

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Grading systems

BMS is the shared visual axis. Hanwoo, Wagyu, USDA and MSA hang different labels on the same fat — here is how to read them without mixing the systems up.

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Same craving, different animal

Ribeye vs pork belly, lamb rack vs beef rib — cross-species comparisons for the decisions shoppers actually make.

Take the chart with you

Every chart on this page is also a standalone image, labelled in this language. Save it to your phone for the butcher's counter, or print it for the kitchen wall.

Beef Primals — Butcher chart
Beef Primals — Butcher chart Download image Vector (SVG)
Pork Primals — Butcher chart
Pork Primals — Butcher chart Download image Vector (SVG)
Lamb Primals — Butcher chart
Lamb Primals — Butcher chart Download image Vector (SVG)
Chicken Portions — Butcher chart
Chicken Portions — Butcher chart Download image Vector (SVG)
Beef Offal Map — Butcher chart
Beef Offal Map — Butcher chart Download image Vector (SVG)
Bluefin Tuna Cuts — Butcher chart
Bluefin Tuna Cuts — Butcher chart Download image Vector (SVG)

Compare

Chuck vs BrisketChuck vs ShankChuck vs Head & cheekRibeye vs StriploinRibeye vs Short plateRibeye vs SirloinStriploin vs SirloinStriploin vs FlankSirloin vs RoundSirloin vs FlankRound vs ShankRound vs OxtailBrisket vs Short plateBrisket vs ShankShort plate vs FlankShank vs OxtailShank vs Head & cheekBrisket vs Head & cheekBrisket vs OxtailStriploin vs Short plateSirloin vs Short plateJowl vs ShoulderJowl vs BellyJowl vs LoinShoulder vs Picnic shoulderShoulder vs LegPicnic shoulder vs Hock & trotterPicnic shoulder vs LegLoin vs TenderloinLoin vs BellyShoulder vs LoinJowl vs TenderloinTenderloin vs LegShoulder vs BellyLeg vs Hock & trotterLoin vs LegShoulder vs Hock & trotterTenderloin vs BellyNeck vs ShoulderNeck vs ShankNeck vs BreastShoulder vs RackShoulder vs LegRack vs LoinRack vs BreastLoin vs LegLoin vs BreastLeg vs ShankShoulder vs ShankShoulder vs BreastRack vs LegShoulder vs LoinBreast vs TenderloinBreast vs ThighBreast vs WingWing vs DrumstickWing vs ThighThigh vs DrumstickThigh vs OysterDrumstick vs OysterWing vs TenderloinThigh vs TenderloinBreast vs OysterTenderloin vs OysterWing vs OysterTongue vs HeartTongue vs AbomasumTongue vs LiverHeart vs LiverHeart vs AbomasumLiver vs OmasumRumen vs OmasumRumen vs AbomasumRumen vs Small intestineOmasum vs AbomasumAbomasum vs Small intestineAbomasum vs Large intestineSmall intestine vs Large intestineTongue vs Large intestineTongue vs Small intestineKama vs OtoroKama vs AkamiAkami vs ChutoroOtoro vs ChutoroAkami vs Tail bellyChutoro vs Tail bellyAkami vs OtoroKama vs Chutoro

All cuts

Common questions

Which beef cut is the most tender?
Among the primals on this chart, the ribeye and striploin are the most tender, because they come from muscles along the spine that barely work during the animal's life. Tenderness tracks workload: the harder a muscle works, the more connective tissue it builds. That is why shank and brisket are the toughest raw — and the most rewarding after long cooking.
What does the marbling grade actually measure?
Marbling grades measure intramuscular fat — the fat inside the muscle rather than the layer around it. Japan's BMS runs 1 to 12, Korea grades 1++ down to 3, and the USDA uses Prime, Choice and Select. They are scored on different scales but they are all looking at the same thing, which is why they can be laid on a single axis.
What core temperature should steak be cooked to?
Roughly 52°C for rare, 57°C for medium rare, 63°C for medium and 71°C and above for well done. These figures apply to whole-muscle cuts. Ground meat and poultry must reach 71°C throughout, because grinding spreads surface bacteria into the interior.
Why does meat need to rest after cooking?
Heat drives moisture towards the centre of the cut and tightens the muscle fibres. Resting lets both settle, so the juice redistributes instead of running out onto the board when you cut. Two to five minutes is enough for a steak; larger roasts need longer.
What is the difference between otoro and chutoro?
Both come from the belly of the tuna, and the difference is fat content and position. Otoro is the forward belly and the fattiest part of the fish; chutoro sits further back and between the belly and the loin, balancing fat against the leaner flavour of akami. Otoro is richer, chutoro is easier to keep eating.
Why does slicing against the grain make meat more tender?
Muscle is built from long fibre bundles. Cutting across them leaves very short fibres on the plate, so your teeth have far less to break down. On a coarse-grained cut like flank the difference is dramatic — the same piece can feel chewy or tender depending only on the angle of the knife.
What temperature should chicken be cooked to?
Chicken must reach 74°C (165°F) throughout, measured at the thickest part away from bone. Unlike beef, there is no safe pink stage for poultry. Breast is best pulled the moment it hits that mark, while thigh, drumstick and wing actually improve if taken to 78–80°C, because their connective tissue needs the extra heat to soften.
Does pork still need to be cooked well done?
No. Whole-muscle pork — loin, chop, tenderloin — is safe at 63°C (145°F) with a three-minute rest, and is noticeably juicier cooked that way. The old advice to cook pork grey came from trichinella, a parasite effectively eliminated from commercial pork decades ago. Ground pork is the exception and still needs 71°C throughout.