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W Wars
10World War I
The 1914-1918 industrial war that broke empires, enfranchised mass mourning, and left a peace that did not hold.
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2World War II
A global industrial war, 1939-1945, that killed tens of millions and remade borders, law and nuclear politics.
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KKorean War
A 1950-53 peninsula war, still without a peace treaty, that fixed two Korean states and a US-ROK alliance.
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VVietnam War
A 1955-75 Indochina war that fused decolonisation, civil war and US intervention -- and remade English-language memory of limited war.
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NNapoleonic Wars
Coalition wars of 1803-1815 that spread conscription, the Code, and a British sea-power order -- ending at Waterloo.
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AAmerican Civil War
The 1861-65 US war over union and slavery that killed more Americans than any other US war and remade the Constitution.
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TThirty Years' War
A 1618-1648 Central European catastrophe of religion, dynasty and famine, ended by the Peace of Westphalia.
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IIran-Iraq War
A 1980-88 war of trenches, cities and tankers that killed hundreds of thousands and ended with UN Resolution 598 -- no triumphant peace.
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CChinese Civil War
A 1927-49 struggle between Nationalists and Communists that, after Japan's war, produced the PRC and a Republic of China on Taiwan.
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MMongol conquests
Thirteenth-century conquests that built the largest contiguous land empire and left a death toll still argued in wide scholarly ranges.
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Battle of Stalingrad
The 1942-43 Volga battle that destroyed the German 6th Army and turned the European war on the Eastern Front.
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NNormandy landings
The 6 June 1944 cross-Channel landing that opened the long-delayed Western Front in France -- Overlord, not a war by itself.
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MBattle of Midway
The 4-7 June 1942 carrier battle that wrecked Japan's first-line carrier force and shifted the Pacific war.
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WBattle of Waterloo
The 18 June 1815 allied victory that ended the Hundred Days and Napoleon's return -- Wellington, Blucher, and a muddy ridge.
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BBattle of Britain
The 1940 air campaign in which the RAF denied Germany daylight control of southern England -- a prerequisite for any invasion scare, and a British memory engine.
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KBattle of Kursk
The 1943 German Citadel offensive against the Kursk bulge -- the last strategic German attack in the east -- and the Soviet counteroffensives that followed.
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IBattle of Inchon
The 15 September 1950 UN amphibious landing that cut KPA supply to the Pusan Perimeter and retook Seoul -- a tide-table gamble, not the end of the Korean War.
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TBattle of Tsushima
The 27-28 May 1905 fleet action in which Togo Heihachiro destroyed the Russian Baltic Fleet -- a Korean-strait day that ended a war and recast Asian naval hierarchy.
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C Coups
4Chile 1973 coup
The 11 September 1973 military overthrow of Salvador Allende that opened Pinochet's dictatorship -- political-military history, not a how-to.
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SSoviet 1991 coup attempt
The 19-21 August 1991 failed GKChP seizure that hastened the Soviet Union's end -- a junta that collapsed in three days.
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PCarnation Revolution
The 25 April 1974 MFA coup that ended the Estado Novo with carnations in rifle barrels -- a junta against a dictatorship, not a manual.
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K12 December 1979 coup
The 12 December 1979 seizure in which Chun Doo-hwan's Hanahoe arrested the army chief -- a Korean coup that led toward 17 May 1980 and Gwangju.
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Tank
The armoured fighting vehicle born on the Somme in 1916 -- a history of a type, not a guide to building or fighting in one.
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FFighter jet
The jet fighter from the Me 262 to MiG Alley and beyond -- a history of a type, not a flying or employment manual.
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CAircraft carrier
The floating airfield that Midway proved and the Cold War multiplied -- a history of a type, not a guide to operating one.
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USubmarine
From Holland boats and U-boats to nuclear deterrent submarines -- a history of a type, not a guide to diving, hunting, or building one.
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RIntercontinental ballistic missile
From the V-2 and the R-7 to SALT and New START -- a history of the ICBM as a political object, not a launch manual.
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DMilitary drone (UCAV)
From the Kettering Bug and Firebee to the public UCAV era -- a history of remotely piloted combat aircraft, not a flying or building guide.
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Lockheed Martin
From Lockheed and Glenn L. Martin to the 1995 merger -- a firm history of Skunk Works, missiles, and prime-contract politics.
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BBAE Systems
From British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems to the 1999 prime -- a firm history of Typhoon, yards, and export hearings.
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RRheinmetall
From an 1889 Ruhr works to Bundeswehr rearmament and later K2/K9 partnerships -- a firm history, not a gun manual.
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HHanwha Aerospace
From Samsung Techwin and Yulgok-era industrialisation to K9 exports -- a Korean firm history, not a how-to for any system.
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P Powers
4Roman military
From the mid-Republic manipular legion to the late imperial army -- a force-structure history, not a reenactment manual.
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NRoyal Navy
From a Tudor standing fleet to Nelson, Jutland, and the Atlantic -- a force-structure history, not a live order of battle.
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UUnited States military
From a Revolutionary militia-and-line mix to the 1947 Pentagon and a Korean War alliance -- force-structure history, not a live ORBAT.
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KRepublic of Korea Armed Forces
From a 1948 constabulary-to-army to Yulgok and a US treaty -- ROK defensive force-structure history, not a live order of battle.
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