Chinggis
Unification, Xia/Jin wars, Khwarezm.
1206 is a political start-date, not the first steppe war. The conquests become world-historical when they leave the steppe for cities.
Successor khanates are part of the story; a single "Mongol army" after 1260 is a teaching shortcut.
Timeline
- Chinggis titled
Steppe unification; the conquest state begins.
- Zhongdu falls
Jin capital taken; an early urban catastrophe in the Chinese record.
- Khwarezm war
Otrar to the chronicle massacres of Central Asian cities.
- Goryeo campaigns begin
Mongol armies attack Korea; a decades-long subjugation struggle opens.
- Rus' cities
Ryazan, Vladimir, Kiev -- the northeastern European shock.
- Mohi and Legnica
Hungary and Poland defeated; withdrawal follows Ogedei's death.
- Baghdad
Abbasid political end in the city; a Muslim-world memory hinge.
- Ain Jalut
Mamluks defeat a Mongol force in the Levant -- a named limit.
- Yuan declared
Kublai frames a Chinese dynasty on a conquest.
- Japan expeditions
Fleets from Korean and Chinese yards fail; typhoons enter Japanese myth.
Eras
Ogedei expansion
China continues; the western ride to Hungary; Goryeo war opens.
Mongke / Hulagu
Baghdad, the Levant, and the succession strain.
Kublai and the split
Yuan, Japan attempts, khanates drifting apart.
Khanate world
Yuan, Horde, Ilkhanids -- conquest becomes government, then fragments.
Milestones
Largest contiguous land empire
A scale fact, not a moral grade.
Baghdad 1258
A political-religious shock for the Islamic world's old centre.
Goryeo-Japan expeditions
Korea's forced naval role -- essential for this atlas's Korean readers.
Kublai's death in 1294 is a convenient end for the unified project, not the end of Mongol-descended rule.
Death totals must stay wide. Anyone offering a precise global integer is selling certainty the sources do not have.