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M Mongol conquests

Forces

Decimal steppe armies and conquered levies -- historical, not a how-to.

Educational history. Casualty figures are documented ranges. This is not operational advice, a ranking of nations, or a how-to for weapons or coups.

The decimal cavalry army, allied steppe groups, and later Chinese and Korean levies (especially for ships) were the force mix. Mobility and siege engineers (often conscripted specialists) appear together in the sources.

This is a historical description of organisation, not a field manual.

Systems

Decimal cavalry

A steppe organisational grammar -- historical label, not a training syllabus.

Conquered specialists

Siege engineers and later shipwrights drafted into the project.

Yam posts

Communication as an imperial system.

Khanate courts

Successor governments with different religions and tax styles.

Goryeo levy

A Korean institutional wound: ships, soldiers, princesses as politics.

Census and tax

Yuan and Horde extraction as the after-conquest state.

Meters

Geographic reach
94
Death-toll uncertainty
90
Korean historical weight
80
English pop memory
66
Institutional duration (unified)
40
Tech shift (relative)
32

Hotspots

1

Mongolian steppe

The political launch.

2

North China / Zhongdu

Early urban war.

3

Khwarezm cities

Chronicle massacre zone.

4

Goryeo

1231-59 war and later ship levy.

5

Baghdad / Ain Jalut / Japan

Three different kinds of limit and shock.

Materials

Horses and grass

The seasonal logistic fact of a cavalry empire.

Ships (Korea/China)

The failed ocean tool of 1274/81.

Paper and paiza

Passports of the yam -- administration as material.

City stores

Siege as hunger; described, not instructed.

Conquered peoples were drafted. Goryeo shipwrights are part of the force picture for the Japan attempts.

No live ORBAT, no raiding instruction.

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