气凝胶 is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under advanced: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare 气凝胶 with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
深入阅读
气凝胶 (SiO2 network + >90% air) is a family of grades whose density ~0.003–0.15 g/cm³, heat band silica sinters; organic aerogels burn, and fire letter silica A1; polymer aerogels not.
气凝胶 is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry SiO2 network + >90% air, density ~0.003–0.15 g/cm³, heat band silica sinters; organic aerogels burn.
This atlas treats 气凝胶 as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
Conductivity note: silica blankets ~0.015–0.025 W/m·K class. Insulation score 98/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: silica A1; polymer aerogels not. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
Origin: Kistler 1931; NASA / Aspen 1990s–, United States. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: vacuum-insulation.
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 50/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
United States · 1931
Samuel Kistler is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
United States · 1999–2006
Stardust aerogel is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
United States · 2000s–
Aspen Pyrogel is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
United States · 2000s
Mars rover insulation lore is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
Europe · 2010s
Translucent granule IGU is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
Oil & gas · 2000s–
Pipe insulation is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
Global · historic
Silica gel cousin is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
Labs · 1990s–
Frozen smoke photo is a reference point in the public image of 气凝胶.
开关图标后，柱会按所选集合的领先者重新缩放。
同一家族、不同分数 — 选一场。
六轴上最近的邻居 — 强度、耐热、火灾、隔热、加工性、循环性。