What “the material” actually is
铜 is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry Cu, density 8.96 g/cm³, heat band 1085 °C.
This atlas treats 铜 as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
速览
8.96 g/cm³Density
1085 °CMelting
~400 W/m·KK
100% by definitionIACS
A1 metalFire
metalsFamily
铜 is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under metals: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare 铜 with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
深入阅读
Deep dive: 铜
铜 (Cu) is a family of grades whose density 8.96 g/cm³, heat band 1085 °C, and fire letter A1 metal.
Heat, fire and insulation
Conductivity note: ~400 W/m·K. Insulation score 6/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: A1 metal. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
How it is made and used
Origin: Chalcolithic / industrial electrorefining 1860s, Cyprus / global. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: aluminum.
Market and circularity
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 78/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
画像
强度
40
耐热
55
火灾性能
76
隔热
6
加工性
88
循环性
78
七章
常见问题
Is 铜 non-combustible?
Declared reaction class in this atlas: A1 metal. Assemblies still need resistance tests.
Does 铜 insulate?
Thermal mark 6/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: ~400 W/m·K.
What is the density band?
8.96 g/cm³
How is it made?
Origin story: Chalcolithic / industrial electrorefining 1860s (Cyprus / global).
Can it be recycled?
Circularity mark 78/100 — editorial, route-specific.
Typical melting or failure heat?
1085 °C
What should it be paired with?
aluminum: The lighter conductor when cross-section is free.
Where is it specified?
Buildings, transport, energy and consumer goods — see the uses chapter.
图标
Statue of Liberty skin
France / US · 1886
Statue of Liberty skin is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
Edison wiring
United States · 1880s
Edison wiring is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
IACS bar
International · 1913
IACS bar is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
Chuquicamata
Chile · 1910s–
Chuquicamata is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
Bronze Age palstave
Europe · 2nd mill. BCE
Bronze Age palstave is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
Heat pipe
Global · 1960s–
Heat pipe is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
Cu roof patina
Europe · historic
Cu roof patina is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
Busbar
Global · 20th c.–
Busbar is a reference point in the public image of 铜.
开关图标后，柱会按所选集合的领先者重新缩放。
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对决
同一家族、不同分数 — 选一场。
相近材料
六轴上最近的邻居 — 强度、耐热、火灾、隔热、加工性、循环性。