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✨ 先进固体

☀️钙钛矿

把实验室光伏效率推高的ABX3卤化物——仍在与潮湿、铅和寿命搏斗。

又称: MAPI · MAPI · perovskite solar cell

钙钛矿 — Wikimedia lead image
Dennis Schroeder / National Renewable Energy Laboratory · Public domain

速览

2009 / 2012Year
lab >25% classPCE
Moisture + PbIssue
Tandem with SiIcon
ABX3Crystal
advancedFamily

钙钛矿 is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under advanced: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare 钙钛矿 with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

深入阅读

Deep dive: 钙钛矿

钙钛矿 (ABX3 (e.g. CH3NH3PbI3)) is a family of grades whose density thin-film, heat band soft lattices; heat-sensitive, and fire letter device, not a building class.

What “the material” actually is

钙钛矿 is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry ABX3 (e.g. CH3NH3PbI3), density thin-film, heat band soft lattices; heat-sensitive.

This atlas treats 钙钛矿 as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.

Heat, fire and insulation

Conductivity note: modest; not an insulator product. Insulation score 8/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.

Fire letter in editorial use: device, not a building class. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

How it is made and used

Origin: Miyasaka 2009 DSSC; 2012 solid-state jump, Japan / Oxford / Korea. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.

Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: graphene.

Market and circularity

Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.

Circularity mark 40/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.

画像

18242084840
强度 18
耐热 24
火灾性能 20
隔热 8
加工性 48
循环性 40

七章

常见问题

Is 钙钛矿 non-combustible?
Declared reaction class in this atlas: device, not a building class. Assemblies still need resistance tests.
Does 钙钛矿 insulate?
Thermal mark 8/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: modest; not an insulator product.
What is the density band?
thin-film
How is it made?
Origin story: Miyasaka 2009 DSSC; 2012 solid-state jump (Japan / Oxford / Korea).
Can it be recycled?
Circularity mark 40/100 — editorial, route-specific.
Typical melting or failure heat?
soft lattices; heat-sensitive
What should it be paired with?
graphene: Another lab-to-fab story with fewer rooftops.
Where is it specified?
Buildings, transport, energy and consumer goods — see the uses chapter.

图标

Tsutomu Miyasaka

Tsutomu Miyasaka

Japan · 2009

Tsutomu Miyasaka is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

Henry Snaith

Henry Snaith

United Kingdom · 2012

Henry Snaith is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

NREL chart

NREL chart

United States · 2013–

NREL chart is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

4

Oxford PV

United Kingdom · 2010s–

Oxford PV is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

MAPBI3 crystal

MAPBI3 crystal

Labs · 2010s

MAPBI3 crystal is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

Si tandem module

Si tandem module

Europe / KR / CN · 2020s

Si tandem module is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

7

Damp-heat chamber

Global · test

Damp-heat chamber is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

Pb-free Sn trials

Pb-free Sn trials

Labs · 2010s–

Pb-free Sn trials is a reference point in the public image of 钙钛矿.

开关图标后,柱会按所选集合的领先者重新缩放。

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六轴上最近的邻居 — 强度、耐热、火灾、隔热、加工性、循环性。

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