SiO2 network + >90% air
Chemistry气凝胶 is specified as SiO2 network + >90% air. Density band ~0.003–0.15 g/cm³.
What holds 气凝胶 together is not the nickname. Formula SiO2 network + >90% air, density ~0.003–0.15 g/cm³.
Meters are atlas-relative. Grades are the SKUs buyers write.
阶段
Microstructure
OrderProcessing sets grain, crystallinity or fibre orientation — the reason two lots of 气凝胶 can test differently.
Interfaces
SurfacesCoatings, oxide films, sizings or paper faces often decide weather and fire behaviour more than the bulk brochure.
Defects
FlawsInclusions, voids, knots, pinholes or residual stress start the failures that mill certificates do not list.
Grades
Variants气凝胶 is a family. Grade names below are the ones buyers actually write on RFQs.
Ageing
TimeMoisture, UV, creep, hydrogen or carbonation shift properties in service. Design to the aged state.
相对标尺
Strength12
Strength is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Heat envelope84
Heat envelope is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Fire behaviour86
Fire behaviour is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Insulation98
Insulation is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Workability28
Workability is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Circularity50
Circularity is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
牌号
Fibre-reinforced blanket
Industrial piping.Industrial piping.
Granules
Cavity / daylighting.Cavity / daylighting.
Monolith lab
Optics, Cherenkov.Optics, Cherenkov.
Polymer aerogel
Check combustibility.Check combustibility.
Composite board
Building retrofit.Building retrofit.
键合
Primary bonding
气凝胶 holds together by ionic/covalent networks.
Secondary forces
Hydrogen bonds, van der Waals stacks or grain-boundary cohesion set toughness and moisture uptake.
Composites & fills
Fillers, fibres, plasticisers or aggregates are part of the real product, not impurities.
Environment film
Oxides, chars, sizings or paints are the layer the world actually meets.
Change the grade, the coating or the moisture and you have a different material with the same English name.