Late empire war
Three African fronts.
Start with Guinea and Angola, not with a flower stall. The war is the preface.
Salazar's death (1970) did not open the regime; the captains did.
Timeline
- African wars
The officers' wound.
- Spinola's book
Portugal and the Future -- public crack.
- Radio signal / units move
Grandola; Lisbon secured.
- Carmo surrender
Caetano yields to Spinola.
- Four dead
PIDE/DGS fire on a crowd.
- Spinola vs MFA left
The junta argues.
- Spinola crises
He exits; PREC deepens.
- Independences
Angola, Mozambique -- and Angola's war.
- 25 November
A later military day that halted a slide toward civil conflict.
- Constitution
A democratic lock-in.
Eras
The day
MFA, carnations, Carmo.
PREC / decolonisation
Revolution at home; independences abroad.
Stabilising day
A second military intervention that Portuguese memory still argues.
Democracy
Constitution; later EU Portugal.
Milestones
Dictatorship ended with four dead in Lisbon
The intensity fact.
Colonial wars closed
Europe's last large ones.
1976 constitution
Democracy locked after a noisy year.
25 November 1975 is part of the story English flower-copy omits.
EU Portugal is a sequel, not a denial of PREC's chaos.