Human-cost band
four dead from residual regime fire; a famously low-blood seizure that ended a dictatorship and a colonial war
Four dead in Lisbon on 25 April. Thousands dead in the colonial wars before. Angola's post-1975 war dwarfs the Lisbon day. Retornados' lost property is a social cost.
Do not let flowers erase Guinea.
Bands
Dated span (25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 constitution))
Carnation Revolution is taught as 25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 constitution). 1961-74 and 1976 are the usual poles.
Theatre (Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aft.)
Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aftershocks in Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau is the geography of the ledger -- cities, seas, plants, or ministries as the file requires.
Radio signal / units move
1974-04-25-am: Grandola; Lisbon secured.
Independences
1975: Angola, Mozambique -- and Angola's war.
Regions
Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces
Core theatre of Carnation Revolution (25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 constitution)). Portugal and the Future -- public crack.
Late empire war
1961-74: Three African fronts.
PREC / decolonisation
1974-75: Revolution at home; independences abroad.
Democracy
1976-: Constitution; later EU Portugal.
US / UK / AU / CA classrooms
English hours on Carnation Revolution (25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 constitution)) are thin beside Chile 1973 film and a paragraph on Lisbon 1974; Seoul 1979 is thinner still.
Korean comparative reader
Carnation Revolution is a comparative officers' file beside 12 December 1979 -- three morals, no method.
Key numbers
Span25 April 1974 (coup day; PREC to 1976 c.
Cost bandfour dead from residual regime fire; a .
TheatreLisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aft.
Hero articleCarnation Revolution
Makers
Marcelo Caetano
Marcelo Caetano (Dictator (late Estado Novo)) is a named maker of the Carnation Revolution story. Salazar's successor; surrendered at Carmo. Died in Brazilian exile.
Antonio de Spinola
Antonio de Spinola (Junta president (briefly)) is a named maker of the Carnation Revolution story. The general of the book and the Carmo surrender; not the MFA's left, and soon out.
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho
Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho (MFA operations) is a named maker of the Carnation Revolution story. Planned the Lisbon movements; later a controversial PREC figure and a 1980s trial -- a long afterlife.
Salgueiro Maia
Salgueiro Maia (Captain on the ground) is a named maker of the Carnation Revolution story. The televised young officer of Carmo -- a popular face of the captains.
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (Regime founder) is a named maker of the Carnation Revolution story. Dead in 1970; his system lasted until the captains. The ghost of the Estado Novo.
Vasco Goncalves
Vasco Goncalves (PREC prime minister) is a named maker of the Carnation Revolution story. The MFA left's civilian-military face in 1974-75 -- admired and feared.
A gentle metropole coup can sit on a brutal colonial ledger. That is the honest sentence.
Portugal's later prosperity does not refund African dead.