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Tree of microbes

FFungi

A eukaryotic kingdom of yeasts, moulds and mushrooms — chitin walls, external digestion, partners of plants.

Also called: Mycota ? Eumycota

Mushrooms and mycelium of a fungus in leaf litter
BorgQueen ? CC BY-SA 2.5

Quick facts

Chitin (not cellulose, not peptidoglycan)Cell wall cue
About 3–5 µmTypical yeast size
On the order of 150,000; millions estimatedDescribed species
1996 — Saccharomyces cerevisiaeFirst eukaryotic genome
Mycorrhizae in most land-plant familiesPlant partners
Penicillin noted from Penicillium in 1928Famous medicine origin

Fungi are eukaryotes with chitin walls that digest food outside the cell. Yeasts, moulds and mushrooms are lifestyles inside one kingdom — not three unrelated pests.

They invented much of terrestrial recycling and quietly feed plants through mycorrhizae. A minority cause athlete's foot, asthma flares or hospital mycoses.

This atlas treats fungi as a tree-of-life branch. Food crafts, soil allies and pathogens sit in later human and everyday sections — never as a foraging guide.

The profile

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A eukaryotic kingdom of yeasts, moulds and mushrooms — chitin walls, external digestion, partners of plants.

Seven ways into this topic

Frequently asked questions

Are fungi plants?
No. They do not photosynthesise. Molecular trees put them closer to animals than to plants.
Is a mushroom the whole fungus?
Usually no. It is a fruiting body. The mycelium in soil or wood is the lasting body.
Are yeasts different from moulds?
Yeasts are a growth form — single cells that bud. Many species can be yeast-like or filamentous.
Do fungi cause human disease?
Some do, from skin infections to rare invasive disease. Most species never infect people.
Why do antibiotics fail against fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotes. Drugs aimed at peptidoglycan or 70S ribosomes miss them.
Is mould always dangerous?
No. Risk depends on species, dose and the person. Moisture control beats panic branding.
Can I identify wild mushrooms from this page?
No. Foraging needs local experts. Look-alikes kill people every year.
Is this medical advice?
No. Educational only. Licensed clinicians diagnose and treat fungal disease.

Sources & research

  1. Fungus2026 · Wikipedia
  2. USDA: Mycorrhizal fungi2020 · USDA Forest Service

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