Skip to content

FFungi: discoveries

Fungi ? A eukaryotic kingdom of yeasts, moulds and mushrooms — chitin walls, external digestion, partners of plants.

People farmed yeasts for millennia before they had a kingdom name. Linnaeus stuffed fungi into plants; Whittaker (1969) gave them their own kingdom in popular textbooks.

Molecular phylogeny then moved them beside animals and split 'phycomycetes' into several real clades.

Timeline

1670sLeeuwenhoek's yeasts

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek sketches globules in beer — among the first microbial fungi seen.

1729Micheli's spores

Pier Antonio Micheli shows mushrooms arise from spores, not spontaneous mud.

1857Pasteur on fermentation

Louis Pasteur ties living yeast to alcoholic fermentation, attacking purely chemical vitalisms of the day.

1928Fleming's mould

Alexander Fleming notes a Penicillium zone on staphylococci — later Florey and Chain make a medicine.

1969Whittaker's five kingdoms

Robert Whittaker popularises Fungi as a separate kingdom in ecology teaching.

1996Yeast genome

S. cerevisiae is fully sequenced — a eukaryotic model that still trains genetics students.

2000sWhite-nose & bats

Pseudogymnoascus destructans devastates North American bats, showing fungal pathogens reshape wildlife.

2012Batrachochytrium crises

Chytrid fungi are recognised as drivers of global amphibian declines — a conservation emergency.

Fungal history is kitchens, forests and hospitals — not only a Petri dish anecdote.

Keep exploring

More in Tree of microbes