ABX3 (e.g. CH3NH3PbI3)
Chemistry钙钛矿 is specified as ABX3 (e.g. CH3NH3PbI3). Density band thin-film.
What holds 钙钛矿 together is not the nickname. Formula ABX3 (e.g. CH3NH3PbI3), density thin-film.
Meters are atlas-relative. Grades are the SKUs buyers write.
阶段
Microstructure
OrderProcessing sets grain, crystallinity or fibre orientation — the reason two lots of 钙钛矿 can test differently.
Interfaces
SurfacesCoatings, oxide films, sizings or paper faces often decide weather and fire behaviour more than the bulk brochure.
Defects
FlawsInclusions, voids, knots, pinholes or residual stress start the failures that mill certificates do not list.
Grades
Variants钙钛矿 is a family. Grade names below are the ones buyers actually write on RFQs.
Ageing
TimeMoisture, UV, creep, hydrogen or carbonation shift properties in service. Design to the aged state.
相对标尺
Strength18
Strength is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Heat envelope24
Heat envelope is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Fire behaviour20
Fire behaviour is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Insulation8
Insulation is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Workability48
Workability is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Circularity40
Circularity is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
牌号
MAPbI3
Archetype, unstable.Archetype, unstable.
FA / Cs mixed cation
More stable recipes.More stable recipes.
2-D / 3-D hetero
Passivation.Passivation.
Lead-free Sn
Lower PCE, oxidation.Lower PCE, oxidation.
Si tandem
The commercial path.The commercial path.
键合
Primary bonding
钙钛矿 holds together by ionic/covalent networks.
Secondary forces
Hydrogen bonds, van der Waals stacks or grain-boundary cohesion set toughness and moisture uptake.
Composites & fills
Fillers, fibres, plasticisers or aggregates are part of the real product, not impurities.
Environment film
Oxides, chars, sizings or paints are the layer the world actually meets.
Change the grade, the coating or the moisture and you have a different material with the same English name.