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🐅Origins & evolution

Tiger · Asia largest cat — subspecies maps, 1973 Project Tiger, and roughly 4,000 remaining wild animals still frame a century of recovery arithmetic.

At a glance
Timeline

Milestones in order. This is history, not a weekly activity grid.

c. 2 Ma Panthera in Asia1936 Hailey / Corbett park1944 Man-Eaters of Kumaon1973 Project Tiger1986 Ranthambore tourism boom2010 St Petersburg Tx22014 India camera-trap census2018 India count rise2022 Tx2 deadline2023 Malayan and Indochinese losses
  1. Panthera in Asia
  2. Hailey / Corbett park
  3. Man-Eaters of Kumaon
  4. Project Tiger
  5. Ranthambore tourism boom
  6. St Petersburg Tx2
  7. India camera-trap census
  8. India count rise
  9. Tx2 deadline
  10. Malayan and Indochinese losses
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Quick answers

How many wild tigers are left?

Global estimates in the 2020s sit near 4,000-5,500 depending on the year and method. India holds the majority. The number is a camera-trap product, not a Victorian hunter tale.

Did Project Tiger work?

India wild counts rose from a 1970s crisis to the largest national population. Methods changed (pugmarks to cameras), so the graph is not a single instrument. Southeast Asia did not copy the rebound.

What was Tx2?

A 2010 pledge by tiger-range states in St Petersburg to double wild numbers by 2022. Some countries gained; others lost. The slogan outlived the deadline.

Why not score tigers and lions the same?

Lions are Vulnerable with a wider African footprint and a tiny Gir relic. Tigers are Endangered, more forest-bound, and culturally heavier in South and East Asia. Scores stay relative across all 24 types.

Who was Jim Corbett in this story?

A hunter of man-eaters who wrote Man-Eaters of Kumaon (1944) and later lent his name to India first national park -- a colonial-to-reserve arc.

Are Siberian tigers a separate conservation?

Panthera tigris tigris now lumps many mainland tigers in some taxonomies; Amur animals still have a Russian-Chinese border programme and a different prey winter.

IUCN: Endangered

The tiger did not enter English as a finished emblem. Hunts, films, listings and field stations rewrote the animal on a dated clock.

This chapter keeps ten timeline points, five eras and three milestones so a later translation can hold the same years.

Where it began

Pleistocene PantheraSouth and East Asian forests

Timeline

c. 2 MaPanthera in Asia

Pleistocene fossils already show large striped cats on the continent they still occupy.

1936Hailey / Corbett park

United Provinces reserve that later became Jim Corbett National Park.

1944Man-Eaters of Kumaon

Corbett book that fixed the man-eater as an English-language type.

1973Project Tiger

Indira Gandhi-era launch after a crisis count -- the policy that still structures India tigers.

1986Ranthambore tourism boom

A reserve became a global viewing economy; later tigress identities (Machli) followed.

2010St Petersburg Tx2

Range states pledged a doubling by 2022.

2014India camera-trap census

All-India estimate used cameras more systematically -- a method break from pugmarks.

2018India count rise

Official figures passed 2,200 -- celebrated, then debated for method.

2022Tx2 deadline

Global double did not arrive uniformly; India claimed success, SE Asia did not.

2023Malayan and Indochinese losses

Range-country reports kept mainland SE Asia on the wrong slope.

The eras

Tiger
Charles J. Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Princely hunt

Shikar centuries

Mughal and colonial hunts cut numbers before anyone ran a camera grid.

1936-73

First parks then crisis

Corbett-era reserves did not prevent a 1960s-70s crash.

1973-2010

Project Tiger state

India built a reserve bureaucracy other range states only partly copied.

2010-22

Tx2 slogan years

A doubling pledge met camera maths and uneven politics.

2020s

India vs the rest

One country holds most wild tigers; the map is not a species recovery.

Milestones

Project Tiger

1973

A national project, not a charity poster, became the tiger state.

Tx2 pledge

2010

A diplomatic number that 2022 only partly honoured.

Camera-trap census

2014-

Method change that made later rises hard to compare with pugmark decades.

Reading tiger history beside the resilience score keeps a recovered stock from standing in for a threatened cousin.

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