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MMA stands for mixed martial arts, a full-contact combat sport that combines techniques from multiple disciplines — boxing, Muay Thai, kickboxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo and more — into a single ruleset. Rather than restricting fighters to one style, MMA lets them strike standing, clinch, take the fight to the ground and use submissions, all within one contest. The sport grew out of style-versus-style challenge matches designed to test which martial art was most effective in a real fight. The modern answer is that no single art dominates; the best competitors blend striking, wrestling and grappling into a seamless, complete skill set.

No. MMA is the sport; the UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) is a promotion — a private company that organizes events and crowns its own champions within that sport. The relationship is like the one between basketball and the NBA. Because the UFC is by far the largest and most prestigious promotion, signing most of the world's best fighters, the two terms are often used interchangeably in casual conversation, but they are not the same. Other MMA promotions include ONE Championship in Asia, the PFL, Bellator and Japan's RIZIN, and historically PRIDE and Strikeforce. A fighter can compete in MMA without ever fighting in the UFC.

MMA draws on a wide range of disciplines, generally grouped by range. For striking, fighters use boxing (punches and head movement), Muay Thai (kicks, knees, elbows and clinch work), kickboxing and karate (kicking and footwork). For taking the fight to the ground, freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling supply takedowns and takedown defense, and judo adds throws. On the ground, Brazilian jiu-jitsu governs positional control and submissions like chokes and joint locks. Elite fighters do not practice these as separate arts but blend them into one continuous system, transitioning fluidly from a punch to a takedown to a submission depending on where the fight goes.

There are four main ways to win. A knockout (KO) ends the fight when a legal strike renders an opponent unconscious. A technical knockout (TKO) comes when the referee, a doctor or the opponent's corner stops the bout because a fighter can no longer intelligently defend himself. A submission ends things when a fighter taps out to a choke or joint lock, verbally quits, or is choked unconscious. If no finish occurs, the fight goes to the judges' scorecards and is decided by decision — unanimous, split or majority — under the 10-Point Must System. Fights can also end in a draw, a disqualification for fouls, or a no-contest.

Research suggests MMA produces more visible injuries — cuts, bruises and minor damage — but potentially fewer catastrophic brain injuries than boxing. The key reason is the finish: MMA fighters can win by submission or ground-and-pound, and referees tend to stop fights quickly, so a competitor takes fewer repeated head blows than a boxer who is knocked down, given a standing eight-count and allowed to continue over 12 rounds. MMA's lighter gloves cause more surface cuts but transfer less repeated concussive force than boxing's heavily padded gloves, which let fighters absorb more head trauma over time. Both are inherently risky combat sports, and long-term brain-health concerns apply to each; no combat sport is truly safe.

The UFC uses eight men's divisions: flyweight (125 lb), bantamweight (135 lb), featherweight (145 lb), lightweight (155 lb), welterweight (170 lb), middleweight (185 lb), light heavyweight (205 lb) and heavyweight (up to 265 lb). There are four women's divisions: strawweight (115 lb), flyweight (125 lb), bantamweight (135 lb) and featherweight (145 lb). Fighters must make their division's limit at an official weigh-in, usually the day before the fight, and title bouts allow no extra weight while non-title fights permit a one-pound allowance. Bouts contested at a weight between divisions, or where a fighter misses weight, are called catchweight fights.