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🏭 Bhopal disaster

Bhopal disaster story, 1984

How a December 1984 MIC leak at UCIL became a mass-casualty industrial case with a mixed legal end.

The story is a night-time industrial release into adjoining wards, not a natural disaster and not a war.

The legal story is a 1985 statute, a 1989 cheque and a 2010 two-year sentence — three endings that do not agree.

Beats

  1. A tank in a crowded city

    UCIL stored MIC at a plant whose neighbours had grown around it. By December 1984 several layers of protection on the MIC system were out of normal service, according to later official and civil records.

  2. The night of 2–3 December

    An uncontrolled release moved with the winter air over nearby settlements. Hospitals filled before dawn. Municipal death registration could not keep a complete night list.

  3. Anderson’s brief arrest

    UCC’s chief executive flew to Bhopal, was arrested and released, and left India. Extradition requests later failed. English headlines made that departure a permanent character note.

  4. India takes the claims

    The 1985 Act displaced individual suits in favour of the Union as parens patriae. United States courts then sent the mass tort home on forum grounds.

  5. Settlement, reduction, conviction

    1989 brought US$470 million. 1996 brought a thinner criminal charge. 2010 brought two-year sentences. The site’s waste stayed on the map.

Bhopal’s story is a known leak and an unfinished assignment of duty among plant, parent, state and successor.

Public-record encyclopedia. Not legal advice. Not a how-to. Graphic detail is withheld. Wars belong in a separate atlas.

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