Skip to content
🏭 Bhopal disaster

Bhopal evidence: plant, claims and court

Tank records, ICMR studies, the 1989 orders and the 2010 judgments that define a mixed industrial case.

The release is not in serious doubt. The strength of the file varies by question: chemistry, headcount, parent duty.

English discovery from the 1980s United States suits still feeds technical reconstructions.

Exhibits

Exhibit A

Plant logs and Tank 610

Document

UCIL operating records and later expert reports establish an MIC release from a named tank. Safeguard status is part of that paper.

Exhibit B

Municipal and health counts

Document

The 2,259 immediate official deaths and later five-figure attributions come from government statistical files, not from a single night register.

Exhibit C

ICMR and clinic studies

Inquiry

Indian Council of Medical Research work and independent clinics document long-term illness in exposed populations.

Exhibit D

1989 Supreme Court orders

Statute

The February 1989 settlement texts are the civil-law centre of the case and the reason mixed status is not the same as unsolved.

Exhibit E

1996 and 2010 criminal record

Testimony

The charge reduction and the June 2010 convictions fix what Indian criminal law was willing to hold Indian employees to.

Exhibit F

Site contamination studies

Physical

Soil and groundwater sampling after 1984 supports an unfinished cleanup file distinct from the gas-leak night.

How strong is the record?

Release identification
88

MIC from the UCIL plant on 2–3 December 1984 is a stable fact.

Death-toll precision
48

Immediate official, later government and campaign totals diverge by an order of magnitude if misread as one census.

Parent-company duty
40

Civil closure in 1989 and failed extradition leave a thin criminal hold on UCC itself.

Site chemistry
65

Contamination is documented; remedy responsibility is still argued.

Evidence closed the what. It did not produce a single satisfactory who-pays-the-rest.

Public-record encyclopedia. Not legal advice. Not a how-to. Graphic detail is withheld. Wars belong in a separate atlas.

Related cases