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🐘Anatomy & senses

African bush elephant · The atlas type is the bush elephant -- an ecosystem engineer whose ivory ban (1989) and split from forest elephants still structure African conservation.

Every african bush elephant is a stack of tissues that must agree under season, prey and human pressure.

Meters below repeat the six atlas scores as gauges; they are relative marks, not laboratory certificates.

Systems

Support and integument

Pillar legs, a trunk of tens of thousands of muscle units, and tusks that are incisors. Heat dumps through ears; the brain is large and long-memoried.

Feeding apparatus

A daily mass of grass, browse and bark. Engineers open woodland and dig wells that other species drink -- the ecological-role reason. The feeding kit sets the ecological-role score relative to the other 23 types.

Respiration and circulation

Gas exchange and blood flow are tuned to the african bush elephant energy budget -- dive, hover, sprint or bulk browse -- not to a generic vertebrate template.

Senses and neural control

Infrasound rumbles, smell, and a trunk that is a hand. Musth rewrites male social smell.

Reproduction and ontogeny

Replacement rate is the hidden resilience number. Ivory price, fences, and maize. A full park does not cancel an EN assessment.

Thermoregulation and salt/water

Climate and osmoregulation bound where a african bush elephant can close its daily budget. Field sites in the English-speaking world still measure that envelope first.

Relative meters

36
Burst / travel speed
91
Behavioural flexibility
43
Geographic / migratory reach
17
Population security
79
Cultural charge
97
Ecosystem leverage
Burst / travel speed
Speed 36/100 relative to the 24-type atlas -- not a race ranking.
Behavioural flexibility
Intelligence 91/100 as social and problem-solving depth, not a best-species mark.
Geographic / migratory reach
Range 43/100 -- how widely the type occupies or crosses basins.
Population security
Resilience 17/100: high means more secure (Least Concern or recovered), low means threatened. Savanna elephant Endangered (2021 assessment); forest elephant separately Critically Endangered. Ivory and habitat loss are the twin ledgers.
Cultural charge
Cultural impact 79/100 across art, law and media -- relative, not a popularity contest.
Ecosystem leverage
Ecological role 97/100 -- engineer, keystone, pump or specialist.

Hotspots

Primary weapon or tool

The bill, teeth, trunk, pouch or talon that field guides name first -- and that trade or conflict usually targets.

Energy store

Fat, cache, crop or bamboo hours that decide whether a season closes.

Natal or breeding site

A redd, eyrie, den, anemone or ice lair -- often a single-point risk (Izumi, Natron, Gir).

Sensory organ

Infrasound rumbles, smell, and a trunk that is a hand. Musth rewrites male social smell.

Human interface

Hunt, tourism, film or quota -- the surface where african bush elephant biology meets English-language law.

Tissues & materials

Keratin and integument

Feathers, fur, baleen or skin plates -- tissues, not metals. Moult and wear are the maintenance cycle.

Bone and cartilage

Load paths for stoop, lunge, knuckle-walk or hover. Marrow and pneumatic bone differ by family.

Muscle and tendon

The expensive tissue that speed and intelligence scores only hint at.

Fat, oil and glycogen

Stores that migration, fast and lactation spend. A market for those stores (oil, ivory, fin) is a historical threat.

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