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R Intercontinental ballistic missile

History

Dated history of Intercontinental ballistic missile (1957-present as a deployed type (V-2 ancestry 1944-45)) in From Peenemunde and Kapustin Yar to silos, submarines, and treaty tables.

Educational history. Casualty figures are documented ranges. This is not operational advice, a ranking of nations, or a how-to for weapons or coups.

Start with Dora and Peenemunde, not with a clean 1957 birthday. The type inherits a crime and a captured staff.

R-7 and Sputnik are one political season, not two unrelated shocks.

Timeline

  1. V-2 combat use

    Paris and then London -- a city-attack rocket, not yet intercontinental.

  2. Team scramble

    US, USSR, and Britain take people and hardware from the German programme.

  3. R-7 ICBM flight

    First intercontinental ballistic missile flight.

  4. Sputnik

    The same family of rocket as a political shock in orbit.

  5. Atlas and Minuteman

    US land types enter service; silo fields begin.

  6. Polaris at sea

    The SLBM cousin is operational.

  7. Cuban Missile Crisis

    Alert, blockade, and a bargain -- not a launch.

  8. SALT I and ABM Treaty

    The type becomes a counted diplomatic object.

  9. INF Treaty

    A whole class of shorter missiles eliminated -- a cousin story that recast the ICBM debate.

  10. New START

    Signed 2010; extended 2021 -- the late numbered limit.

Eras

Ancestry

V-2 to first ICBM flight.

Shock years

R-7, Sputnik, Atlas, Minuteman, Cuba.

Triad and SALT

Parity talk and the first limits.

Scare and reduction

Able Archer; INF; START as the Cold War ends.

Inheritance and new testers

Ukraine transfers; later regional programmes as news, not as a manual.

Milestones

21 August 1957

The R-7 makes the type real.

October 1962

Alert without launch -- the political peak.

SALT I, 1972

Counting replaces an open race, on paper.

Treaties are as historical as flight tests. A page that only lists rockets is a catalogue, not this atlas.

New testers after 1991 do not turn this file into a watch list.

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