C (honeycomb monolayer)
ChemistryГрафен is specified as C (honeycomb monolayer). Density band areal mass ~0.77 mg/m².
What holds Графен together is not the nickname. Formula C (honeycomb monolayer), density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m².
Meters are atlas-relative. Grades are the SKUs buyers write.
Фазы
Microstructure
OrderProcessing sets grain, crystallinity or fibre orientation — the reason two lots of Графен can test differently.
Interfaces
SurfacesCoatings, oxide films, sizings or paper faces often decide weather and fire behaviour more than the bulk brochure.
Defects
FlawsInclusions, voids, knots, pinholes or residual stress start the failures that mill certificates do not list.
Grades
VariantsГрафен is a family. Grade names below are the ones buyers actually write on RFQs.
Ageing
TimeMoisture, UV, creep, hydrogen or carbonation shift properties in service. Design to the aged state.
Относительные шкалы
Strength90
Strength is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Heat envelope88
Heat envelope is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Fire behaviour40
Fire behaviour is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Insulation18
Insulation is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Workability20
Workability is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Circularity42
Circularity is an editorial 0–100 mark relative to the other 31 materials in this atlas — not a laboratory certificate.
Марки
Monolayer CVD
Electronics R&D.Electronics R&D.
Few-layer
Thermal films.Thermal films.
GNP platelets
Composites.Composites.
GO / rGO
Inks, membranes.Inks, membranes.
Графен-enhanced masterbatch
Marketing-heavy.Marketing-heavy.
Связи
Primary bonding
Графен holds together by ionic/covalent networks.
Secondary forces
Hydrogen bonds, van der Waals stacks or grain-boundary cohesion set toughness and moisture uptake.
Composites & fills
Fillers, fibres, plasticisers or aggregates are part of the real product, not impurities.
Environment film
Oxides, chars, sizings or paints are the layer the world actually meets.
Change the grade, the coating or the moisture and you have a different material with the same English name.
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