1947
Wallace theory
Graphite band structure foreshadowed graphene.
Графен did not arrive as a finished commodity. Geim & Novoselov 2004 around Manchester still explains who makes it and which tests it sits in.
Ten dated points, five eras and three milestones below are the spine — not a complete industrial history.
Начало
Geim & Novoselov 2004Manchester
Хронология
1947Wallace theory
Graphite band structure foreshadowed graphene.
1962Boehm TEM
Early thin-graphite observations.
2004Manchester isolation
Micromechanical cleavage made devices.
2010Nobel Prize
Physics prize froze the brand.
2013EU Графен Flagship
A billion-euro coordination bet.
2010sCVD copper foils
Metre-scale films, polycrystalline.
2010sGO / rGO
Oxide routes for inks and composites — not the same as monolayer.
2018Standards ISO/TS
Vocabulary fights: few-layer vs nanoplatelets.
2020sConcrete additives
Dose-sensitive marketing vs independent tests.
2020sElectronics still waiting
Bandgap and contamination remain the plot.
Эпохи
2004
Manchester isolation
Micromechanical cleavage made devices.
2013
EU Графен Flagship
A billion-euro coordination bet.
2010s
GO / rGO
Oxide routes for inks and composites — not the same as monolayer.
2020s
Concrete additives
Dose-sensitive marketing vs independent tests.
Вехи
Nobel Prize
2010Physics prize froze the brand.
GO / rGO
2010sOxide routes for inks and composites — not the same as monolayer.
Electronics still waiting
2020sBandgap and contamination remain the plot.
Knowing this timeline is how to read a mill certificate without treating Графен as timeless.
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