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🧊 Теплоизоляция

📦Вакуумная панель

Герметичный вакуумный сэндвич: λ ~0,004–0,008, пока конверт не течёт.

Также называют: VIP · vacuum insulation panel · fumed-silica core

Вакуумная панель — Wikimedia lead image
Va-Q-tec AG · CC0

Коротко о главном

~0.004–0.008λ
envelope leak = failureLife
foil/PE skinsFire
Fridge then retrofitIcon
Fumed silicaCore
thermalFamily

Вакуумная панель is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under thermal: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare Вакуумная панель with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

Глубокое введение

Deep dive: Вакуумная панель

Вакуумная панель (fumed silica / fibreglass core + foil barrier) is a family of grades whose density 150–250 kg/m³ panels, heat band core inorganic; envelope polymer/foil, and fire letter system-dependent; core often A1-ish, skins not.

What “the material” actually is

Вакуумная панель is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry fumed silica / fibreglass core + foil barrier, density 150–250 kg/m³ panels, heat band core inorganic; envelope polymer/foil.

This atlas treats Вакуумная панель as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.

Heat, fire and insulation

Conductivity note: centre-of-panel λ ~0.004–0.008 (declared bands). Insulation score 99/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.

Fire letter in editorial use: system-dependent; core often A1-ish, skins not. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

How it is made and used

Origin: Dewar 1892 idea; building VIPs 1990s–, Scotland / Germany / Japan. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.

Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: aerogel.

Market and circularity

Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.

Circularity mark 40/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.

Профиль

144044992440
Прочность 14
Жаростойкость 40
Пожарные свойства 44
Теплоизоляция 99
Обрабатываемость 24
Цикличность 40

Семь глав

Частые вопросы

Is Вакуумная панель non-combustible?
Declared reaction class in this atlas: system-dependent; core often A1-ish, skins not. Assemblies still need resistance tests.
Does Вакуумная панель insulate?
Thermal mark 99/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: centre-of-panel λ ~0.004–0.008 (declared bands).
What is the density band?
150–250 kg/m³ panels
How is it made?
Origin story: Dewar 1892 idea; building VIPs 1990s– (Scotland / Germany / Japan).
Can it be recycled?
Circularity mark 40/100 — editorial, route-specific.
Typical melting or failure heat?
core inorganic; envelope polymer/foil
What should it be paired with?
aerogel: Solid ultra-low λ without a vacuum to lose.
Where is it specified?
Buildings, transport, energy and consumer goods — see the uses chapter.

Иконы

Dewar flask

Dewar flask

United Kingdom · 1892

Dewar flask is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

Japanese fridge VIP

Japanese fridge VIP

Japan · 1990s

Japanese fridge VIP is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

va-Q-tec panel

va-Q-tec panel

Germany · 2000s

va-Q-tec panel is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

Porextherm

Porextherm

Germany · 1990s–

Porextherm is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

5

LNG MLI

Global · 1960s–

LNG MLI is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

6

Retrofit city wall

Europe · 2010s

Retrofit city wall is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

Getter pill

Getter pill

Global · component

Getter pill is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

Fumed silica

Fumed silica

Global · 1960s–

Fumed silica is a reference point in the public image of Вакуумная панель.

Включайте и выключайте иконы — каждый столбец масштабируется к лидеру выбора.

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Дуэли

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