Алюминий — история, структура, свойства и применение

Коротко о главном

2.70 g/cm³Density

660 °CMelting

~237 W/m·KK

A1 metal / meltsFire

Can recyclingLoop

metalsFamily

Алюминий is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under metals: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare Алюминий with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

Глубокое введение

Deep dive: Алюминий

Алюминий (Al (+ Mg, Si, Cu, Zn…)) is a family of grades whose density 2.70 g/cm³, heat band 660 °C, and fire letter A1 as metal.

What “the material” actually is

Алюминий is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry Al (+ Mg, Si, Cu, Zn…), density 2.70 g/cm³, heat band 660 °C.

This atlas treats Алюминий as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.

Heat, fire and insulation

Conductivity note: ~237 W/m·K (pure). Insulation score 12/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.

Fire letter in editorial use: A1 as metal. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

How it is made and used

Origin: Hall–Héroult 1886, USA / France. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.

Uses span aerospace to consumer. Pairings matter: CFRP.

Market and circularity

Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.

Circularity mark 72/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.

Профиль

Прочность 62

Жаростойкость 48

Пожарные свойства 70

Теплоизоляция 12

Обрабатываемость 90

Цикличность 72

Частые вопросы

Алюминий or aluminum?

Same metal. IUPAC aluminium; US spelling aluminum. Specs use either.

Why is it light but not “weak”?

Specific strength of 7075 can beat mild steel; stiffness per volume still loses to steel.

Does it burn?

Bulk metal melts in fire; powders and some façade cores are the combustible stories.

Is it a good insulator?

No. It is a heat spreader. Foil radiant barriers reflect radiation; they are not bulk λ insulation.

Why do cans recycle so well?

Single alloy family, magnetic-free sort, huge volume, remelt energy is low.

Can I weld 7075?

Generally a bad idea for strength; designers rivet, bond or use 2000/5000 weldables instead.

Anodising vs paint?

Anodising grows oxide from the metal; paint is a separate film. Coasts often want both or a better alloy.

Is primary aluminium “green”?

Only if the kWh are. Hydro Québec ≠ coal-grid smelting.

Иконы

Hall–Héroult cell

USA / France · 1886–

Hall–Héroult cell is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Duralumin

Germany · 1906–

Duralumin is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Алюминий can

United States · 1959–

Алюминий can is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Audi Space Frame

Germany · 1994–

Audi Space Frame is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Wright Flyer metal later

United States · 1903 lore / metal later

Wright Flyer metal later is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Alclad sheet

United States · 1920s–

Alclad sheet is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Eiffel aluminium capstone lore

France · 1889 era

Eiffel aluminium capstone lore is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Tesla body castings

United States · 2020s

Tesla body castings is a reference point in the public image of Алюминий.

Включайте и выключайте иконы — каждый столбец масштабируется к лидеру выбора.

5 / 8

Дуэли

Та же семья, другие оценки — выберите дуэль.

🔩

Ещё в Металлы

🔩

🥫Алюминий

Коротко о главном