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Squash · Two players, four walls and nowhere to hide — the most physically brutal racket sport ever invented.

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Quick answers

Is squash in the Olympics?

Yes, from 2028. The IOC session in Mumbai voted on October 16, 2023 to add squash to the Los Angeles 2028 programme, alongside cricket, baseball and softball, flag football and lacrosse. The programme is singles events for men and women. It ends a long campaign: squash bid unsuccessfully for the 2012, 2016, 2020 and 2024 Games, losing to golf and rugby sevens for 2016 and to reinstated wrestling for 2020. The consequences go well beyond one fortnight. In most countries, national sports funding is tied to Olympic status, so federations that operated on subscriptions and volunteers now qualify for state high-performance money, which is reshaping coaching and junior programmes worldwide.

How does squash scoring work?

Modern squash uses point-a-rally scoring, or PAR: every rally is worth a point regardless of who served. Games are played to 11, and at 10-10 play continues until someone leads by two. Matches are best of five games, with 90 seconds between games. There is only one serve — no second serve — so a fault loses the rally outright. This system replaced the old English scoring, in which only the server could score and games ran to nine; the men's professional tour switched in 2004 and the World Squash Federation extended PAR to every level from the 2008-09 season. The change shortened matches significantly and pushed players toward attacking earlier, since long defensive rallies now carry a real cost.

What is the difference between a let and a stroke?

Both concern interference, which is unavoidable when two players share one court. A let is a replayed rally with no point awarded: it is given when the opponent got in the way but made a genuine effort to clear, and the interfered player would have made a good return rather than a winning one. A stroke awards the point outright to the interfered player: it applies when the opponent did not make every effort to clear, when the striker's swing was blocked, when the ball would have hit the opponent on a direct path to the front wall, or when the striker would have hit a winner. If the striker could not have reached the ball anyway, or the interference was trivial, the referee calls no let and the appealing player loses the rally.

What do the coloured dots on a squash ball mean?

They indicate how much the ball bounces, which is really a measure of how much work you have to do. Blue and red dots are the liveliest and are made for beginners and cold courts, because the ball keeps bouncing without needing to be warmed up. A single yellow dot is slow, and the double yellow dot, standardized around 2000, is the extra-slow professional ball used in all serious competition. A double-yellow ball is almost dead when cold and must be warmed through several minutes of hard hitting before it plays properly, which is why matches begin with a five-minute knock-up. Beginners using a professional ball will find it simply does not bounce, which is the single most common reason people give up on squash.

Why is Egypt so dominant in squash?

Egypt has held roughly half of both the men's and women's world top tens through the 2020s, an unmatched concentration. The reasons are structural rather than mysterious. Egyptian sporting clubs in Cairo and Alexandria are family institutions with dense court provision, so children start young and play constantly. A coaching lineage runs from the pioneers through Amr Shabana and Ramy Ashour to today's academies, transmitting a distinctive attacking style built on deception, holds and front-court aggression. The domestic junior circuit is more competitive than most international ones. And there is a long history to build on: F.D. Amr Bey won five British Opens in the 1930s, so squash has been a prestige sport in Egypt for almost a century.

Is squash really the healthiest sport?

Forbes ranked squash first in its 2003 survey of the ten healthiest sports, scoring it on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, calorie burn, strength, flexibility and injury risk. The logic holds up: squash combines near-continuous movement with repeated high-intensity efforts, rapid direction changes and deep lunges, all inside a heated, enclosed space, so heart rates sit high for long stretches and calorie expenditure per hour is among the highest of any recreational sport. The caveats are real, though. The same lunging load makes knee, hip and Achilles injuries common, and the intensity is not gentle on an unconditioned cardiovascular system. Eye injuries from the ball and racket are the reason protective eyewear is mandatory for juniors in most federations.

Start with this section - Records

Squash's record book is dominated by two kinds of number: streaks and durations. Because the sport is a closed one-on-one contest with no team to hide behind and no weather to intervene, dominance shows up as long unbroken runs, and because rallies can be extended almost indefinitely, its endurance marks are extreme even by the standards of professional sport.

The figures below are drawn from World Squash Federation and PSA records, Guinness World Records and contemporaneous reports. Where a career pre-dates organized world rankings or a player's birth year is disputed, that is noted rather than smoothed over.

Records

555 matches

Longest unbeaten run in professional sport

Jahangir Khan1981-1986

Five years and eight months without defeat, from a British Open final loss to Geoff Hunt in November 1981 until Ross Norman beat him in the 1986 World Open final in Toulouse.

8

Most men's World Championship titles

Jansher Khan1987-1996

Jansher won eight World Opens in ten years, one more than any other man. Jahangir Khan is next with six, all won between 1981 and 1988.

8

Most women's World Championship titles

Nicol David2005-2014

The Malaysian's eight world titles are the record for either sex in the women's championship. Nour El Sherbini has since moved to within touching distance of the mark.

16 consecutive

Most British Open titles

Heather McKay1962-1977

Sixteen straight titles at what was then effectively the world championship, a run interrupted only by her retirement from the event. No player of either sex has come close.

10 consecutive

Most men's British Open titles

Jahangir Khan1982-1991

Ten consecutive titles at the sport's oldest major. Geoff Hunt is second with eight, spread across thirteen seasons, and Hashim Khan won seven in the 1950s.

112 months

Longest unbroken reign at world No. 1

Nicol DavidAugust 2006 - September 2015

More than nine consecutive years at the top of the women's world rankings, the longest continuous reign in squash history and one of the longest in any individual sport.

2

Fewest career defeats by a champion

Heather McKay1962

McKay lost two competitive matches in her entire career, both in the same year, and was unbeaten for roughly nineteen years afterwards across British Opens, World Opens and national titles.

17 years old

Youngest men's world champion

Jahangir Khan1981

Jahangir had already won the world amateur title at 15 in 1979. His 1981 World Open victory remains the youngest by a man, and no teenager has won it since.

20 years old

Youngest women's world champion

Nour El Sherbini2016

El Sherbini had already become the youngest ever finalist at 16 in 2012, and won the world junior title twice before that. She has since built one of the sport's largest title hauls.

2 hours 46 minutes

Longest recorded competitive match

Jahangir Khan v Gamal Awad1983

The Chivas Regal Patrick International final in Chichester, England. Jahangir won in four games; one rally in the match is reported to have lasted five and a half minutes.

170 minutes

Longest match in PSA Tour history

Shawn Delierre v Leo Au2015

Canada's Delierre beat Hong Kong's Au in a five-game qualifying-round marathon at the NASH Cup in London, Ontario, recognized as the longest match on the professional tour.

281.6 km/h (175 mph)

Fastest recorded squash ball

Cameron Pilley2014

The Australian professional set the Guinness World Record for the fastest squash ball hit, a mark that puts squash among the fastest of all racket sports by ball speed.

252 consecutive matches

Longest winning streak in US collegiate sport

Trinity College men's squash1998-2012

The Connecticut college won 252 straight dual matches over fourteen seasons, the longest winning streak recorded in any American intercollegiate sport, before Yale finally beat them in 2012.

aged about 35

Oldest first-time British Open champion

Hashim Khan1951

Hashim won the British Open at his first attempt, having travelled from Peshawar. His birth year is disputed between 1914 and 1916, so his exact age remains uncertain; he won his last title in 1958.

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