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Snooker · Twenty-two balls, six pockets barely wider than they are, and the most pitiless scoreboard in sport.

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Quick answers

What is a maximum break and why is it 147?

A maximum is the highest break available in normal play. There are fifteen reds on the table, each worth one point, and after every red the striker may nominate a colour. Taking the black, worth seven, after all fifteen reds gives 15 times 8, or 120 points. When the reds are gone, the six colours must be potted in order for another 27 points: yellow 2, green 3, brown 4, blue 5, pink 6, black 7. That totals 147. Breaks above 147 are possible only when a free ball is awarded after a foul while reds remain, which is how Jamie Burnett made a 148 in 2004.

Why is the World Championship played at the Crucible?

The tournament moved to the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield in 1977, at the suggestion of promoter Mike Watterson, whose wife had seen a play there. It was a practical choice for a sport with a small audience, but the venue turned out to suit television perfectly. It seats fewer than a thousand people, places the front row within a few feet of the table, and for the first week splits the arena so two matches run side by side. That intimacy makes it intensely uncomfortable to play in and compelling to watch, and it has become inseparable from the event's identity despite regular speculation about a move to a bigger or better-paying venue.

What does it actually mean to be snookered?

You are snookered when another ball blocks your path, so that no part of any ball you are allowed to hit can be struck in a direct straight line from the cue ball. Because jump shots are illegal in snooker, the only escape is to bounce the cue ball off one or more cushions and still make first contact with a legal ball. Fail, and you concede at least four points, and the opponent can hand the same shot straight back. Laying snookers is how players recover large deficits: each failed escape adds points and usually another chance to lay the snooker again.

How long does a professional snooker match last?

It depends entirely on the round. Early rounds of ranking events are often best of seven and can finish in under ninety minutes. The World Championship starts at best of nineteen and escalates to a best-of-35 final played over four sessions across two days, typically finishing late on a Monday night. A single frame usually takes fifteen to twenty-five minutes, but there is no shot clock in standard competition, and tactical exchanges can extend one enormously. The record is a frame between Fergal O'Brien and David Gilbert in 2017 that lasted 123 minutes 41 seconds on its own.

Who is the greatest snooker player of all time?

The two candidates are Ronnie O'Sullivan and Stephen Hendry, who share the modern record of seven world titles. O'Sullivan leads on every other measure: more than 40 ranking titles to Hendry's 36, 23 Triple Crown titles to 18, more than 1,200 career centuries to 775, and 15 maximum breaks to 11, achieved across a career spanning four decades. Joe Davis's fifteen world titles between 1927 and 1946 are numerically unmatched, but he invented the championship and faced a professional field of a few dozen. Most modern assessments place O'Sullivan first, Hendry second and Davis in a category of his own.

What is the difference between snooker, pool and billiards?

They are three separate games played on different tables. Snooker uses a twelve-foot table, twenty-two balls and rounded pocket openings barely wider than a ball, and requires alternating reds and colours in a fixed sequence. Pool, in its American forms, uses a smaller table, larger balls, wider cut pockets and fewer balls, and rewards shot-making over long sequences. English billiards is played with just three balls on a snooker table and scores through cannons, pots and in-offs, and it was the dominant professional cue sport in Britain until snooker overtook it in the 1930s. Snooker demands the finest cue ball control of the three because of the table size and the pocket templates.

Start with this section - Competitions

Snooker's calendar has a clear hierarchy. Three events form the Triple Crown — the World Championship, the UK Championship and the Masters — and winning all three is the recognised mark of a complete career. Around them sit more than twenty ranking events a season, from long-established tournaments in Britain and China to newer additions in continental Europe and the Gulf, plus invitational competitions that pay well but carry no ranking points.

The events below are the most significant by history, prize money and standing among players. Between them they cover the sport's British heartland, its Chinese growth market, its newest source of money, and the separate championship structure of the women's game.

Competitions

World Snooker Championship

World Championship
Founded 1927Global (Sheffield, England)

The undisputed summit of the sport, staged at the 980-seat Crucible Theatre in Sheffield every spring since 1977. Thirty-two players reach the main draw after a brutal qualifying competition, and the format escalates from best of nineteen to a best-of-35 final played over four sessions and two days. The winner receives 500,000 pounds from a prize fund of roughly 2.4 million. Joe Davis won the first fifteen editions; Ronnie O'Sullivan and Stephen Hendry share the modern record of seven. Zhao Xintong's 2025 win made him the first Asian champion.

UK Championship

Triple Crown
Founded 1977United Kingdom (York)

Historically the second most important tournament in snooker and the longest-format event outside Sheffield, held at the Barbican in York since 2001. It began as a UK-only competition and opened to overseas players in 1980, becoming a ranking event in 1984. Ronnie O'Sullivan holds the record with eight titles, spread from 1993 to 2023, a span that itself illustrates his longevity. Ding Junhui's three UK titles, the first won at 18 in 2005, remain the strongest evidence of Chinese arrival at the top level.

The Masters

Triple Crown
Founded 1975Invitational (London)

The sport's most prestigious invitational event, contested by the world's top sixteen players and staged at Alexandra Palace in north London since 2012. It carries no ranking points but ranks alongside the World and UK Championships in prestige, largely because of its field, its atmosphere and the fact that every match is played in front of a large, loud crowd rather than a hushed theatre. Ronnie O'Sullivan has won it a record eight times. Ding Junhui's 2011 victory was the first by an Asian player.

Champion of Champions

Elite invitational
Founded 1978, revived 2013Invitational (England)

A tournament open only to players who have won a title in the preceding year, producing one of the strongest fields in snooker without any qualifying rounds. Originally staged briefly in the late 1970s, it was revived in 2013 and has become a fixture of the autumn calendar with a group-and-knockout structure and one of the larger prize funds outside the Triple Crown. Ronnie O'Sullivan and Judd Trump have both won it multiple times, and its format guarantees that early rounds pit major winners against each other.

Shanghai Masters

Flagship Asian event
Founded 2007China

The most important tournament staged in China and the anchor of snooker's Asian calendar. Launched as a ranking event in 2007 during the boom that followed Ding Junhui's emergence, it was relaunched in 2019 as a high-value invitational for a restricted field, with a prize fund that rivals ranking tournaments twice its size. It plays to full arenas and large domestic television audiences, and its status reflects a wider truth about the modern tour: a substantial share of snooker's commercial value now comes from a market that had almost no players thirty years ago.

Saudi Arabia Snooker Masters

Richest event outside the Worlds
Founded 2024Middle East (Riyadh)

Snooker's newest heavyweight, launched in Riyadh in 2024 with the largest prize fund of any tournament apart from the World Championship. It introduced a novelty found nowhere else in professional snooker: a gold ball worth 20 points, playable only after a maximum has already been compiled, which raises the theoretical maximum break to 167. The event's arrival divided opinion, welcomed by players for the money it injects into a tour where earnings drop sharply outside the top sixteen, and questioned by others over the sport's growing dependence on Gulf funding.

World Women's Snooker Championship

Women's world title
Founded 1976Global

The premier event of the women's game, run by World Women's Snooker under the WPBSA umbrella. England's Reanne Evans dominated it for a generation, winning twelve consecutive titles from 2005, before Hong Kong's Ng On-yee broke the run and took three championships of her own; more recently Chinese and Thai players have reached the final, reflecting the same geographic shift seen on the main tour. The champion now earns a two-year professional tour card, creating a direct pathway between the women's championship and the 128-player World Snooker Tour.

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