Шёлк — история, структура, свойства и применение

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Bombyx moriInsect

hundreds of metres/cocoonLength

Burns, little melt-dripFire

Mulberry sericultureIcon

high for a proteinModulus

textilesFamily

Шёлк is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under textiles: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare Шёлк with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

Глубокое введение

Deep dive: Шёлк

Шёлк (fibroin + sericin) is a family of grades whose density ~1.34 g/cm³, heat band degrades; no thermoplastic melt, and fire letter combustible protein.

What “the material” actually is

Шёлк is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry fibroin + sericin, density ~1.34 g/cm³, heat band degrades; no thermoplastic melt.

This atlas treats Шёлк as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.

Heat, fire and insulation

Conductivity note: low. Insulation score 34/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.

Fire letter in editorial use: combustible protein. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

How it is made and used

Origin: China Neolithic / Шёлк Road, China. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.

Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: nylon.

Market and circularity

Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.

Circularity mark 50/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.

Профиль

Прочность 44

Жаростойкость 30

Пожарные свойства 28

Теплоизоляция 34

Обрабатываемость 60

Цикличность 50

Частые вопросы

Is Шёлк non-combustible?

Declared reaction class in this atlas: combustible protein. Assemblies still need resistance tests.

Does Шёлк insulate?

Thermal mark 34/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: low.

What is the density band?

~1.34 g/cm³

How is it made?

Origin story: China Neolithic / Шёлк Road (China).

Can it be recycled?

Circularity mark 50/100 — editorial, route-specific.

Typical melting or failure heat?

degrades; no thermoplastic melt

What should it be paired with?

nylon: The filament that stole stockings and chutes.

Where is it specified?

Buildings, transport, energy and consumer goods — see the uses chapter.

Иконы

Suzhou weaving

China · historic

Suzhou weaving is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Lyon canuts

France · 19th c.

Lyon canuts is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Kimono silk

Japan · historic

Kimono silk is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Thai mudmee

Thailand · historic

Thai mudmee is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Surgical silk

Global · 19th c.–

Surgical silk is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Parachute canopy

Allied · WWII

Parachute canopy is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Wild tussah

India / China · historic

Wild tussah is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Hermès scarf lore

France · 20th c.

Hermès scarf lore is a reference point in the public image of Шёлк.

Включайте и выключайте иконы — каждый столбец масштабируется к лидеру выбора.

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