Полиэтилен — история, структура, свойства и применение

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LDPE/LLDPE/HDPE/UHMWFamilies

110–135 °CTm

Burns, dripsFire

Tupper / pipesIcon

Dyneema classFibre

polymersFamily

Полиэтилен is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under polymers: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare Полиэтилен with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

Глубокое введение

Deep dive: Полиэтилен

Полиэтилен ((C2H4)n) is a family of grades whose density 0.91–0.97 g/cm³, heat band LDPE ~110 °C; HDPE ~130 °C, and fire letter combustible olefin.

What “the material” actually is

Полиэтилен is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry (C2H4)n, density 0.91–0.97 g/cm³, heat band LDPE ~110 °C; HDPE ~130 °C.

This atlas treats Полиэтилен as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.

Heat, fire and insulation

Conductivity note: ~0.4 W/m·K. Insulation score 44/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.

Fire letter in editorial use: combustible olefin. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

How it is made and used

Origin: ICI 1933 / Ziegler–Natta 1950s, United Kingdom / Germany. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.

Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: ptfe.

Market and circularity

Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.

Circularity mark 28/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.

Профиль

Прочность 34

Жаростойкость 28

Пожарные свойства 16

Теплоизоляция 44

Обрабатываемость 92

Цикличность 28

Частые вопросы

Is Полиэтилен non-combustible?

Declared reaction class in this atlas: combustible olefin. Assemblies still need resistance tests.

Does Полиэтилен insulate?

Thermal mark 44/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: ~0.4 W/m·K.

What is the density band?

0.91–0.97 g/cm³

How is it made?

Origin story: ICI 1933 / Ziegler–Natta 1950s (United Kingdom / Germany).

Can it be recycled?

Circularity mark 28/100 — editorial, route-specific.

Typical melting or failure heat?

LDPE ~110 °C; HDPE ~130 °C

What should it be paired with?

ptfe: The fluoropolymer that laughs at PE’s melting point.

Where is it specified?

Buildings, transport, energy and consumer goods — see the uses chapter.

Иконы

ICI Alketh

United Kingdom · 1939

ICI Alketh is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

HDPE bottle

Global · 1960s–

HDPE bottle is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

Dyneema

Netherlands · 1979–

Dyneema is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

PE100 pipe

Europe · 1990s–

PE100 pipe is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

Tupper box lore

United States · 1940s–

Tupper box lore is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

Geomembrane

Global · 1980s–

Geomembrane is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

UHMW hip liner

United Kingdom · 1960s–

UHMW hip liner is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

Stretch film

Global · 1970s–

Stretch film is a reference point in the public image of Полиэтилен.

Включайте и выключайте иконы — каждый столбец масштабируется к лидеру выбора.

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