1959
Buehler NOL
William Buehler’s team at Naval Ordnance Lab named NiTiNOL.
Нитинол did not arrive as a finished commodity. NOL 1959 Buehler around United States still explains who makes it and which tests it sits in.
Ten dated points, five eras and three milestones below are the spine — not a complete industrial history.
Начало
NOL 1959 BuehlerUnited States
Хронология
1959Buehler NOL
William Buehler’s team at Naval Ordnance Lab named NiTiNOL.
1961Coffee-pot demo
Folded strip unkinks in hot water — the myth and the lab both persist.
1970sOrthodontic archwires
First large medical market.
1980sPipe couplings
Cryofit aero hydraulic couplings.
1990sSelf-expanding stents
Нитинол cages in vessels.
2000sASTM F2063
Wrought NiTi medical spec.
2010sAdditive NiTi
Porous implants, still tricky oxygen.
2010sActuator wires
Robotics and consumer gadgets of mixed reliability.
2020sFatigue standards
Million-cycle claims need waveform honesty.
2020sNi-free cousins
Ti-based SMAs for nickel-sensitive patients.
Эпохи
1970s
Orthodontic archwires
First large medical market.
1990s
Self-expanding stents
Нитинол cages in vessels.
2010s
Additive NiTi
Porous implants, still tricky oxygen.
2020s
Fatigue standards
Million-cycle claims need waveform honesty.
Вехи
Pipe couplings
1980sCryofit aero hydraulic couplings.
Additive NiTi
2010sPorous implants, still tricky oxygen.
Ni-free cousins
2020sTi-based SMAs for nickel-sensitive patients.
Knowing this timeline is how to read a mill certificate without treating Нитинол as timeless.
Продолжить
Ещё в Передовые твёрдые тела
🏎️
Углеволокно
Полимерные нити с графитоподобными слоями: авиа и велосипеды; горит смола.
Итого 49 ⬡Графен
Один атомный слой углерода: Нобель, хайп композитов, немного честных применений.
Итого 50 ☁️Аэрогель
Наногубчатый кремнезём: λ среди самых низких; хрупок без холста.
Итого 60 ☀️Перовскит
Галогениды ABX3, взвинтившие лабораторный КПД — влага, свинец, ресурс.
Итого 26