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Pain · A protective percept built from nociception, context and prediction.

Reviewed 2026-08·Sources & research·Media credits

Open questions still driving Pain research.

Tech and ethics sit beside mechanism.

Open questions

Open question 1

An active debate about protective sensory gain.

Open question 2

An active debate about protective sensory gain.

Open question 3

An active debate about protective sensory gain.

Open question 4

An active debate about protective sensory gain.

Open question 5

An active debate about protective sensory gain.

Technology

Technology 1

An emerging approach for Pain.

Technology 2

An emerging approach for Pain.

Technology 3

An emerging approach for Pain.

Technology 4

An emerging approach for Pain.

Technology 5

An emerging approach for Pain.

Ethics

Ethics 1

An ethical tension around protective sensory gain.

Ethics 2

An ethical tension around protective sensory gain.

Ethics 3

An ethical tension around protective sensory gain.

Frontiers change quickly; treat claims as living context.

Sources & research

  1. Pain mechanisms: a new theoryMelzack R; Wall PD · 1965 · ScienceDOIPubMed
  2. Neurobiology of painBasbaum AI; et al. · 2009 · CellDOIPubMed
  3. Chronic pain as a disease of the brainApkarian AV; Baliki MN; Geha PY · 2009 · NeuroscientistDOI

Media credits

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