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EE. coli: from stools to outbreaks

Escherichia coli ? Usually a gut resident; a minority of STEC pathotypes drive foodborne headlines.

The organism was a pediatric stool finding before it was a genetic tool and before it was a hamburger headline.

Food-safety law after 1993 changed how ground beef is watched in the United States. Other countries have their own outbreak lessons.

Timeline

1885Escherich describes coli

Infant stools yield a common colon bacillus that later bears his name.

1919Castellani and Chalmers

The genus Escherichia is formally proposed.

1922K-12 isolated

A patient strain begins a long domestication into a lab standard.

1973Genome era begins

E. coli genetics is already a language of operons before full genomes arrive.

1982O157 outbreaks

STEC O157:H7 is tied to undercooked beef clusters in the United States.

1993Jack in the Box

A large hamburger outbreak drives stricter ground-beef rules and public memory.

1997E. coli K-12 genome

A laboratory genome is published, a milestone of the sequencing age.

2011O104:H4 Europe

Sprouts carry an unusual hybrid pathotype across several countries.

History is public health, not a culture recipe.

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