Life-saving dose
Used well, antibiotics still turn once-fatal wound and pneumonia cases around.
A course of antibiotics can save a life and still prune helpful gut neighbors. Both facts can be true.
The human interface is also political: who gets diagnostics, who regulates farms, who funds new drugs that markets undersupply.
Body interfaces
Unnecessary course
Viral colds do not yield to antibacterials; the cost is side effects plus selection.
Device infection
Catheters and implants give resistant opportunists a plastic niche if hygiene slips.
Food chain
Resistant enteric bacteria can ride undercooked meat or contaminated produce.
Sewage and rivers
Cities excrete both drugs and bacteria; plants reduce but do not erase the classroom.
New-drug drought
Scientific difficulty and weak markets slowed new classes after the late twentieth century.
This is not a prescription. It is a map of where selection is paid for.
Keep exploring
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