1839
Rose mineral
Lev Perovski’s namesake oxide mineral is not the solar halide.
Перовскит did not arrive as a finished commodity. Miyasaka 2009 DSSC; 2012 solid-state jump around Japan / Oxford / Korea still explains who makes it and which tests it sits in.
Ten dated points, five eras and three milestones below are the spine — not a complete industrial history.
Начало
Miyasaka 2009 DSSC; 2012 solid-state jumpJapan / Oxford / Korea
Хронология
1839Rose mineral
Lev Perovski’s namesake oxide mineral is not the solar halide.
2009Miyasaka DSSC
First halide perovskite solar cells, liquid electrolyte, short life.
2012Snaith / Grätzel solid-state
Efficiency leapt; the hype clock started.
2013Science breakthroughs
Journal cover era.
2016IEC stability talk
Damp heat vs lab champion cells.
2018Oxford PV tandem
Perovskite-on-silicon industrial bet.
2020sLead sequestration
Standards and RoHS politics.
2021–NREL chart climb
Certified records still outrun rooftop warranties.
2023+Slot-die / blade
Scale-up tools, pinholes remain.
2020sIndoor IoT cells
A possibly honest near-term niche.
Эпохи
2012
Snaith / Grätzel solid-state
Efficiency leapt; the hype clock started.
2016
IEC stability talk
Damp heat vs lab champion cells.
2020s
Lead sequestration
Standards and RoHS politics.
2023+
Slot-die / blade
Scale-up tools, pinholes remain.
Вехи
Science breakthroughs
2013Journal cover era.
Lead sequestration
2020sStandards and RoHS politics.
Indoor IoT cells
2020sA possibly honest near-term niche.
Knowing this timeline is how to read a mill certificate without treating Перовскит as timeless.
Продолжить
Ещё в Передовые твёрдые тела
🏎️
Углеволокно
Полимерные нити с графитоподобными слоями: авиа и велосипеды; горит смола.
Итого 49 ⬡Графен
Один атомный слой углерода: Нобель, хайп композитов, немного честных применений.
Итого 50 ☁️Аэрогель
Наногубчатый кремнезём: λ среди самых низких; хрупок без холста.
Итого 60 🩺Нитинол
Почти эквиатомный Ni–Ti с памятью формы и сверхэластичностью.
Итого 48