Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Минеральная вата earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
Отрасли
Transport
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Energy
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
Consumer
The volume that pays for the mill.
Medical / food
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Defence / safety
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
Изделия
Owens-Corning Pink
1938–
ROCKWOOL
1937–
Knauf Insulation
1970s–
Cavity batt
1970s–
High-rise rainscreen
2010s
Pipe section
1950s–
Acoustic ceiling
1960s–
Slag wool heritage
19th c.
Пары
polyurethane-foam
Lower λ, combustible unless protected.
aerogel
Better λ, much higher cost.
gypsum-board
The lining that faces the room.
ceramic-fiber
When service temperature exceeds stone wool.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.
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Пенополиуретан
Органическая пена с низким λ для холодильников и зданий. Пожар — про PIR и облицовку.
Итого 46 📦Вакуумная панель
Герметичный вакуумный сэндвич: λ ~0,004–0,008, пока конверт не течёт.
Итого 44 🕯️Материал фазового перехода
Пакеты скрытой теплоты, сглаживающие колебания. Дополнение, не замена λ.
Итого 36