A one-atom carbon sheet — Nobel-era physics, composites hype, and a few honest electronics and barrier uses.
Also called: monolayer graphite · 2-D carbon · CVD graphene
Graphene is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under advanced: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare Graphene with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
Deep introduction
Graphene (C (honeycomb monolayer)) is a family of grades whose density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m², heat band 2-D stability is a lab story, and fire letter carbon; not a building product.
Graphene is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry C (honeycomb monolayer), density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m², heat band 2-D stability is a lab story.
This atlas treats Graphene as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
Conductivity note: ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands). Insulation score 18/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: carbon; not a building product. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
Origin: Geim & Novoselov 2004, Manchester. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: carbon-fiber.
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 42/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
United Kingdom · 2004
Geim & Novoselov is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
United Kingdom · 2004
Scotch tape is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
Korea / US · 2010s
CVD copper roll is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
Global · 2007–
Graphene oxide paper is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
Global · 2010s
Hexagonal BN hetero is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
United Kingdom · 2015
Manchester NGI is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
Global · historic
Pencil graphite is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
EU · 2013–
Flagship logo era is a reference point in the public image of Graphene.
Toggle icons on and off — every bar rescales to the leader of your selection.
Same family or rival physics — pick a duel.
Closest neighbours on the six atlas axes — strength, heat, fire, insulation, workability and circularity.
Polymer-derived filaments with graphite-like sheets — aero, bikes and a fire story that is about the resin, not the fibre.
Overall 49 ✈️High specific strength and chloride-tolerant films — airframes, implants and seawater.
Overall 58 🦺Aromatic polyamide pulps and filaments — ballistic packs, hot-gas filtration and asbestos replacement.
Overall 62 🩺Near-equiatomic Ni–Ti that remembers shape and super-elasticates — stents, orthodontics and actuators.
Overall 48Polymer-derived filaments with graphite-like sheets — aero, bikes and a fire story that is about the resin, not the fibre.
Overall 49 ☁️A nanoscale silica sponge — among the lowest solid λ values, fragile unless blanketed, and A1 when purely inorganic.
Overall 60 🩺Near-equiatomic Ni–Ti that remembers shape and super-elasticates — stents, orthodontics and actuators.
Overall 48 ☀️ABX3 halide crystals that jumped laboratory solar efficiency — still fighting humidity, lead and lifetime.
Overall 26