⬡How it is made

01 Feedstock

Ore, monomer, fibre, mineral or scrap that can legally become Graphene.

02 Conversion

Geim & Novoselov 2004

03 Forming

Cast, spin, weave, sinter, foam, laminate or coat — the step that sets anisotropy.

04 Heat / cure

Temper, vulcanise, calcine or dry: skip it and the datasheet is fiction.

05 Finish

Coatings, sizings, facers, galvanizing, anodising, painting.

06 Install

Fasteners, adhesives, DFT, compression, dryness — site quality is a material property.

Primary

Virgin route around Manchester.

Recycled / secondary

Recycling exists but quality or energy often disappoints.

Specialty

High-spec grades leave the commodity mill.

Site-applied

Coatings, sprays, casts — the factory is sometimes a jobsite.

Graphene process path

Feedstock to installed product.

1. Feed — in
2. Convert — mill
3. Form — shape
4. Finish — coat
5. Install — out
6. Spec — code
7. Scrap loop — rec

Graphene heat & fire

Energy in, class out.

1. Heat — in
2. Graphene — mat
3. λ / char — out
4. Ignition — fire
5. Euroclass — class
6. Assembly — sys

Envelope

Melting/softening 2-D stability is a lab story; conductivity ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands).

Environment

Moisture, UV, chlorides, alkalis or oxygen — pick the one that actually kills Graphene.

Code

Fire class carbon; not a building product is a starting letter, not a wall rating.