Buildings
Structure, lining, insulation or finish depending on family.
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Strength90
Heat resistance88
Fire performance40
Insulation18
Workability20
Circularity42
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Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Quick answers
Is Graphene non-combustible?
Declared reaction class in this atlas: carbon; not a building product. Assemblies still need resistance tests.
Does Graphene insulate?
Thermal mark 18/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands).
What is the density band?
areal mass ~0.77 mg/m²
How is it made?
Origin story: Geim & Novoselov 2004 (Manchester).
Can it be recycled?
Circularity mark 42/100 — editorial, route-specific.
Typical melting or failure heat?
2-D stability is a lab story
heat 88 · fire 40
Graphene earns its keep in systems: a beam, a batt, a fibre blend, a coated steel — rarely a lone coupon.
Products below are cultural landmarks as much as SKUs.
Sectors
Transport
Mass, fire and fatigue rewrite the grade list.
Energy
Heat, voltage and hydrogen compatibility.
Consumer
The volume that pays for the mill.
Medical / food
When allowed — extractables and allergies matter.
Defence / safety
Ballistics, FR clothing, fire stops.
Products
Geim & Novoselov
2004
Scotch tape
2004
CVD copper roll
2010s
Graphene oxide paper
2007–
Hexagonal BN hetero
2010s
Manchester NGI
2015
Pencil graphite
historic
Flagship logo era
2013–
Pairings
carbon-fiber
The bulk carbon fibre that already flies.
aerogel
Another Nobel-adjacent material with clearer insulation math.
copper
The conductor graphene is supposed to beat in thin films.
perovskite
The other lab-to-fab energy material.
If the pairing is wrong, the material will be blamed for a system fault.
Keep exploring
More in Advanced solids
🏎️
Carbon fibre
Polymer-derived filaments with graphite-like sheets — aero, bikes and a fire story that is about the resin, not the fibre.
Overall 49 ☁️Aerogel
A nanoscale silica sponge — among the lowest solid λ values, fragile unless blanketed, and A1 when purely inorganic.
Overall 60 🩺Nitinol
Near-equiatomic Ni–Ti that remembers shape and super-elasticates — stents, orthodontics and actuators.
Overall 48 ☀️Perovskite (PV)
ABX3 halide crystals that jumped laboratory solar efficiency — still fighting humidity, lead and lifetime.
Overall 26