Scrolls and court
Longevity emblem
Chinese, Korean and Japanese arts treated the crane as a long-life bird centuries before Red Lists.
Milestones in order. This is history, not a weekly activity grid.
- Gruine cranes
- 21 whooping cranes
- Kushiro refuge steps
- ICF founded
- Tex and Archibald
- Operation Migration flights
- Izumi flu years
- Ultralight programme ends
- DMZ crane counts
- Red-crowned still EN
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Speed59
Intelligence56
Range68
Resilience36
Cultural impact55
Ecological role46
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Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Quick answers
Why does this atlas use the red-crowned crane?
The taxonomy hero is Grus japonensis -- Kushiro, the Korean DMZ and Izumi. Other Grus species appear as comparison, not as the page type.
How close did whooping cranes come to zero?
The Aransas-Wood Buffalo flock was about 21 birds in 1941. That nadir still defines US recovery graphs.
What did George Archibald do at ICF?
He courtship-danced with a human-imprinted whooping crane named Tex so she would ovulate -- a 1980s method story, not a field census.
Why is Izumi a single-point risk?
A large share of the migratory island population winters on one Kyushu floodplain. Influenza years there are species-level events.
Do cranes mate with a lifelong dance?
Pairs are typically socially monogamous. The dance is pair-bond and territorial display, not a fairy-tale wedding.
What is the Korean DMZ crane role?
Wintering red-crowned and white-naped cranes use the Civilian Control Zone. Peace-time development is a documented risk to that accidental reserve.
IUCN: Endangered
The crane did not enter English as a finished emblem. Hunts, films, listings and field stations rewrote the animal on a dated clock.
This chapter keeps ten timeline points, five eras and three milestones so a later translation can hold the same years.
Where it began
Miocene gruinesEast Asian marshes and Hokkaido winters
Timeline
c. 10 MaGruine cranes
Miocene fossils already show tall wetland gruines on northern continents.
194121 whooping cranes
The migratory US-Canada flock hit a counted nadir that still defines the recovery graph.
1952Kushiro refuge steps
Postwar Hokkaido feeding and later park protection began the tancho local rebound.
1973ICF founded
George Archibald and Ron Sauey opened the Baraboo crane campus.
1982Tex and Archibald
A whooping crane captive egg after a human-led dance became ICF lore.
2001Operation Migration flights
Ultralights led whooping cranes on a Wisconsin-Florida route until 2015.
2010sIzumi flu years
H5 outbreaks killed hundreds of wintering cranes on one floodplain.
2015Ultralight programme ends
US FWS stopped the ultralight-led whooping-crane migrations.
2018DMZ crane counts
Korean winter surveys treated the border strip as a de facto sanctuary with an expiry risk.
2021Red-crowned still EN
IUCN kept Grus japonensis Endangered as four states split one flyway.
The eras
1941-1973
Nadir and campus
Whooping-crane collapse and then ICF framed modern crane science.
1952-1990s
Kushiro feeding
Hokkaido farmers and rangers winter-fed tancho until a resident flock stabilized.
2001-2015
Ultralight flyway
A taught migration showed both the power and the fragility of captive-reared routes.
2010s-
Flu and borders
Izumi disease and DMZ land-use are now the East Asian crane headlines.
Milestones
Whooping nadir
194121 birds -- the number every later release is still measured against.
ICF campus
1973A single Wisconsin site compared all crane species as a living library.
Izumi concentration
late 20th c.One Kyushu basin became a winter bottleneck for island-hopping tancho.
Reading crane history beside the resilience score keeps a recovered stock from standing in for a threatened cousin.
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