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Emotional intelligence

Salovey and Mayer’s ability model — Goleman’s boom, mixed measures, not a second IQ caste.

Emotional intelligence — conceptual illustration

Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, use, understand and regulate emotions — in Salovey and Mayer’s 1990 framing — later popularised and broadened by Daniel Goleman (1995).

The ability model has tests (MSCEIT). Mixed and trait models (Bar-On; trait-EQ questionnaires) wander toward personality. Lisa Feldman Barrett’s constructed-emotion work and Damasio’s somatic markers complicate any simple “EQ organ”.

This page treats EI as a useful, contested skill cluster with high trainability claims and mid evidence. It is not a ranking of warm peoples and not a diagnosis.

Ability modelSalovey & Mayer
PopulariserGoleman 1995
MeasuresMixed
TrainableHigh
Not aSecond IQ caste
ToneEducational

Profile

Innate weight
40
Trainability
82
Early window
45
Evidence
50
Transfer
80
Visibility
68

Seven chapters

Frequently asked questions

Who coined emotional intelligence?
Peter Salovey and John Mayer’s 1990 article is the standard academic origin. Goleman’s 1995 book made the phrase a global brand and widened the construct.
Is EQ a second IQ?
Not in the ability model’s careful versions. Mixed models that predict “success” with everything from optimism to politics are the overclaim. g still organises cognitive batteries; EI is a different bet.
What did Goleman change?
Audience and scope. He mixed ability with social competencies and workplace stories. Useful as popularisation; sloppy as measurement.
Do programmes work?
Emotion-labelling and regulation drills can move some behaviours. Branded EQ curricula vary. Size is usually modest — treat like growth-mindset humility, not a miracle.
Bar-On versus Mayer–Salovey?
Bar-On’s EQ-i is a mixed/trait-leaning inventory. MSCEIT tries to be an ability test. They do not measure one thing.
Did Darwin start this?
The Expression of the Emotions (1872) is an ancestor of emotion science, not an EI test.
Is this interpersonal talent?
Overlap in perception and response. EI emphasises emotion processing; interpersonal talent is broader coordination. See that page.
Group EQ rankings?
No. Display rules differ. Inventories travel badly.

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