Greece's itinerant professors of rhetoric and public life traveled city to city charging what the market bore — Protagoras was said to command fees that made him richer than sculptors and generals. Plato and Aristotle attacked the trade so effectively that "sophist" became an insult for a clever deceiver, and the fixed philosophical schools of Athens absorbed the demand. The traveling wisdom-seller vanished; the word for his craft never recovered.
Sophist已不复存在。这里整理是什么消灭了它，以及哪个职业接手了那份工作。
c. 500 BCE – 500 CE
Sages, sophists and salaried chairs
Antiquity produced every ingredient of the profession except the university. Confucius and his successors made teaching a career with a canon; the Greek sophists made it a market, charging fees that scandalized Plato; the Academy, the Lyceum and Alexandria's Museion made it institutional, with the Ptolemies paying scholars to research and teach. Rome added public funding — Vespasian's endowed chair of rhetoric, first held by Quintilian around 72 CE, made the state-salaried professor a fact five centuries before the fall of the western empire.
当时还发生了什么
c. 387 BCE
Plato founds the Academy
Returning to Athens after years of travel, Plato began teaching in a grove sacred to the hero Akademos outside the city walls. The school he founded there ran for roughly three centuries in its first incarnation; Aristotle arrived at seventeen and stayed twenty years. The word "academic" still points back to that patch of ground.