The world's first photographic professionals polished silvered copper plates, sensitized them over iodine fumes and developed them over heated mercury — a hazardous chemical performance repeated for every single image, which could not be copied. Itinerant operators carried the trade to small towns and gold-rush camps across America, Europe and Asia. Frederick Scott Archer's unpatented 1851 collodion process, yielding cheaper and reproducible images, wiped out the daguerreotype trade in barely a decade.
Daguerreotypist已不复存在。这里整理是什么消灭了它，以及哪个职业接手了那份工作。
1826–1880
The chemical pioneers
Photography's first professionals were part chemist, part showman: daguerreotypists coating, sensitizing and developing plates by hand for sitters who had never seen their own faces fixed in metal. Studios spread from Paris and New York to Bombay, Cairo and Yokohama within two decades, and by the 1850s American operators alone were making millions of portraits a year. The wet collodion process then destroyed that first trade in turn — cheaper tintypes and paper prints replaced the jewel-like daguerreotype almost completely within a decade of 1851.
当时还发生了什么
c. 1826
The first photograph
Nicéphore Niépce fixes 'View from the Window at Le Gras' onto a bitumen-coated pewter plate at Saint-Loup-de-Varennes, France, with an exposure of at least eight hours. The plate was lost for decades, rediscovered in 1952, and now sits in the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas.
1839
France gives the daguerreotype to the world
After astronomer François Arago championed it, the French state bought Daguerre's process and published it freely on 19 August 1839. Portrait studios opened within months; a sitting that year could take many minutes of rigid stillness, with head clamps hidden behind the sitter's neck.
1851
Wet collodion makes photography cheap
London sculptor Frederick Scott Archer publishes the wet collodion process — sharper than a calotype, far cheaper than a daguerreotype — and refuses to patent it. Within a decade it destroys the daguerreotype trade worldwide. Archer himself dies almost penniless in 1857.
1855
Fenton photographs the Crimean War
Roger Fenton spends four months at the Crimean front with a horse-drawn darkroom van, bringing back some 360 glass plates including 'The Valley of the Shadow of Death' — the first sustained war photography, though exposures of several seconds meant he could show camps and aftermath, never battle itself.
那份工作如今在哪里
The person paid to decide what a moment looks like — from Niépce's eight-hour exposure in 1826 to two trillion pictures a year, most taken by everyone else.
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