Who is still uncultured?
Most bacterial diversity is known only as DNA. Growth tricks remain scarce.
We can sequence a teaspoon of soil and meet thousands of genomes we cannot grow. That gap is the next century of microbiology.
Engineered or selected bacteria as medicines (live biotherapeutics) sit in trials ? public pages here stay at the concept level, not recipes.
Open questions
What is a healthy microbiome?
No single list of species fits every diet, age and latitude.
Can we replace some antibiotics?
Phage, vaccines, antibodies and stewardship all share the load ? none is a magic wand.
How do we watch resistance globally?
Hospitals, farms and wastewater are connected; data sharing is political as well as technical.
Origin of the mitochondrion
An ancient bacterial merger still shapes every animal cell's energy.
The frontier is more 'how do ecosystems hold together?' than 'how do we invent a superbug'.
Keep exploring
More in Tree of microbes
Viruses
Packets of DNA or RNA that are not cells — they replicate only inside living hosts.
Familiarity 96Fungi
A eukaryotic kingdom of yeasts, moulds and mushrooms — chitin walls, external digestion, partners of plants.
Familiarity 80Archaea
A prokaryotic domain that is not bacteria — methanogens, extremophiles and no known human pathogens.
Familiarity 35Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria — Earth's most abundant biological entities, and a concept-level idea in medicine.
Familiarity 42Protozoa
Motile unicellular eukaryotes — a teaching grade that includes pond ciliates and a minority of serious parasites.
Familiarity 58