A espuma orgânica de baixo λ de geladeiras e edifícios. Fogo pede PIR e coberturas honestas.
Também chamado: PUR · PIR · rigid PU insulation
Espuma de poliuretano is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under thermal: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare Espuma de poliuretano with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
Introdução profunda
Espuma de poliuretano (R-NH-COO-R′ network + blowing agent) is a family of grades whose density 30–60 kg/m³ rigid boards, heat band pyrolyses; does not melt cleanly, and fire letter typically E–B with facers; not A1.
Espuma de poliuretano is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry R-NH-COO-R′ network + blowing agent, density 30–60 kg/m³ rigid boards, heat band pyrolyses; does not melt cleanly.
This atlas treats Espuma de poliuretano as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
Conductivity note: λ ~0.022–0.028 W/m·K (aged PIR boards, bands). Insulation score 88/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: typically E–B with facers; not A1. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
Origin: Otto Bayer 1937; fridge foam 1950s, Germany. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: mineral-wool.
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 32/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
Germany · 1937
Otto Bayer is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 1960s–
Refrigerator cabinet is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Europe · 1990s–
PIR foil board is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
United States · 1970s–
Spray foam gun is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
North America · 1980s–
SIP panel is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 1960s–
Car seat foam is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 2010s
HFO molecule era is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Global · 1970s–
Sandwich panel is a reference point in the public image of Espuma de poliuretano.
Ligue ou desligue ícones — cada barra reescala para o líder da sua seleção.
Mesma família, outras notas — escolha um duelo.
Vizinhos mais próximos nos seis eixos do atlas.
Queratina ondulada que prende ar parado: ternos, tapetes, fogo mais honesto.
Geral 53 🕯️Pacotes de calor latente que achatam oscilações. Complemento, não substituto de λ.
Geral 36 🧴O plástico de volume: sacos, garrafas, tubos e a fibra UHMWPE.
Geral 40 📦Sanduíche de vácuo selado: λ ~0,004–0,008 até o envelope vazar.
Geral 44Rocha ou vidro fundidos fiados em painéis A1: o isolamento incombustível padrão.
Geral 69 📦Sanduíche de vácuo selado: λ ~0,004–0,008 até o envelope vazar.
Geral 44 🕯️Pacotes de calor latente que achatam oscilações. Complemento, não substituto de λ.
Geral 36