Plaque de plâtre — histoire, structure, propriétés et usages

Repères

Gypsum dihydrateMineral

Type X / F boardsFire

Hates leaksWater

DrywallIcon

~0.17λ

fireFamily

Plaque de plâtre is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under fire: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.

Scores compare Plaque de plâtre with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.

Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.

Introduction approfondie

Deep dive: Plaque de plâtre

Plaque de plâtre (CaSO4·2H2O + paper faces) is a family of grades whose density ~700–1000 kg/m³, heat band calcines ~80–180 °C (dehydration), and fire letter A2-s1,d0 typical; core A1.

What “the material” actually is

Plaque de plâtre is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry CaSO4·2H2O + paper faces, density ~700–1000 kg/m³, heat band calcines ~80–180 °C (dehydration).

This atlas treats Plaque de plâtre as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.

Heat, fire and insulation

Conductivity note: ~0.17 W/m·K. Insulation score 34/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.

Fire letter in editorial use: A2-s1,d0 typical; core A1. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.

How it is made and used

Origin: Sackett 1894; US Gypsum 1916, United States. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.

Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: mineral-wool.

Market and circularity

Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.

Circularity mark 62/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.

Profil

Résistance 24

Résistance à la chaleur 54

Performance au feu 92

Isolation 34

Ouvrabilité 90

Circularité 62

Questions fréquentes

Is Plaque de plâtre non-combustible?

Declared reaction class in this atlas: A2-s1,d0 typical; core A1. Assemblies still need resistance tests.

Does Plaque de plâtre insulate?

Thermal mark 34/100 versus the atlas. Conductivity note: ~0.17 W/m·K.

What is the density band?

~700–1000 kg/m³

How is it made?

Origin story: Sackett 1894; US Gypsum 1916 (United States).

Can it be recycled?

Circularity mark 62/100 — editorial, route-specific.

Typical melting or failure heat?

calcines ~80–180 °C (dehydration)

What should it be paired with?

mineral-wool: The cavity fill behind the board.

Where is it specified?

Buildings, transport, energy and consumer goods — see the uses chapter.

Icônes

Sheetrock

United States · 1916–

Sheetrock is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

Type X

United States · 1950s–

Type X is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

EN 520 Type F

Europe · 1990s–

EN 520 Type F is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

Lath and plaster contrast

Global · 19th c.

Lath and plaster contrast is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

Shaftwall C-H stud

United States · 1970s–

Shaftwall C-H stud is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

Paper face

United States · 1894–

Paper face is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

Calcination kettle

Global · industrial

Calcination kettle is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

Job-site recycling

Europe · 2010s–

Job-site recycling is a reference point in the public image of Plaque de plâtre.

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Duels

Même famille, autres notes — choisissez un duel.

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Plaque de plâtre vs Fibre céramique

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Matériaux proches

Voisins les plus proches sur les six axes de l’atlas.

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Repères