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N Normandy landings

Cost

Human and material cost of Normandy landings, as documented ranges.

Educational history. Casualty figures are documented ranges. This is not operational advice, a ranking of nations, or a how-to for weapons or coups.

D-Day dead in the thousands; campaign casualties in the hundreds of thousands; French civilian dead a necessary third column.

Canadian infantry at Juno and in Caen paid a national-scale bill for a small population.

Bands

D-Day Allied dead

Thousands.

Normandy campaign military

Hundreds of thousands of casualties, both sides.

French civilians

Tens of thousands in the campaign zone in published work.

Canadian share

High for population size.

German losses in Falaise

Men and equipment wrecked, not all captured.

Regions

Calvados / beaches

The sacred strip.

Caen plain

The British-Canadian grind.

Cotentin / Cherbourg

The port prize.

Falaise country

The August pocket.

England south coast

The camp of origin.

Paris

The political curtain.

Key numbers

D-Day6 Jun 1944
Beaches5
Paris25 Aug 1944
CommandEisenhower

Makers

US/UK shipyards

Craft as industry.

SHAEF staff

The planning maker.

French Resistance

Rail and intel as a force.

German Todt / Wall

The fortification industry.

Cemetery commissions

The memory makers.

Caen Memorial

A museum that tries to be more than a beach.

Norman towns rebuilt in the 1950s are a cost landscape.

The cemeteries are the English-language cost made visible -- and they under-show German and French civilian graves.

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