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⛷️GOAT Rankings

Ski Racing · Two runs, one mountain, hundredths of a second — the only sport where the athlete is the fastest object on the field.

At a glance
All-time shape

#1 Mikaela Shiffrin

#2 Ingemar Stenmark

#3 Marcel Hirscher

Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology

Quick answers

What are the four alpine skiing disciplines and how do they differ?

They are separated by vertical drop and gate spacing, which together determine speed. Slalom is the tightest, with 55 to 75 gates over 180 to 220 metres of drop for men and turns roughly every second. Giant slalom has about a third as many turns over a longer course, with wider offsets and speeds of 60 to 80 km/h. Super-G spaces gates at least 25 metres apart over 400 to 650 metres of drop and offers no training runs at all. Downhill has 800 to 1,100 metres of drop, gates used mainly to control speed, and top speeds beyond 140 km/h. Slalom and giant slalom are decided over two runs; super-G and downhill over one.

How fast do downhill racers actually go?

Sustained speeds of 100 to 130 km/h are routine on a World Cup downhill, with peaks above 140 km/h on the fastest sections. The highest speed ever measured in a race was 161.9 km/h, recorded by France's Johan Clarey on the Haneggschuss at Wengen in 2013. Those numbers are achieved on skis at least 218 centimetres long with a minimum 50-metre sidecut radius, which makes them extremely stable at speed and almost unturnable below it. The physics are unforgiving: air resistance rises with the square of speed, which is why the tuck position and race-suit aerodynamics matter more than anything happening at the ski above about 80 km/h.

Why do slalom racers knock the gates down?

Because it is faster. Until the early 1980s slalom poles were rigid, usually bamboo, and racers had to ski around them, which forced a wider line. Hinged breakaway poles changed that: a racer can now take the shortest possible line straight through the gate and simply knock the pole flat with a shin, forearm or shoulder. The technique is called blocking, and cross-blocking — clearing the pole with the inside arm — allows a tighter line still. This is why slalom racers wear shin guards, forearm guards, pole guards and a chin bar on the helmet: over a 60-gate course they take dozens of impacts at around 40 km/h.

How does the World Cup points system and the Crystal Globe work?

Every World Cup race awards points to the top 30 finishers on a fixed scale: 100 for a win, then 80, 60, 50, 45, 40 and downward to 1 for 30th. The racer with the highest total across the whole season, in every discipline, wins the overall Crystal Globe — the sport's most prestigious season-long prize. Separate small globes go to the highest scorer in each individual discipline. Only the top 25 in each discipline qualify for the March World Cup finals, where points are awarded only to the top 15. Olympic and world championship results carry no World Cup points at all, which is why the honour rolls diverge so often.

Why does the start number matter so much?

Because the course changes as it is skied. In slalom, ruts form in the turning areas within a dozen runs, altering the effective line and destabilising later starters. In speed events, sun softens the snow and cloud flattens the light. The World Cup rules therefore let the leading racers on each discipline's start list draw among themselves for the earliest bibs, with everyone else following in ranking order. The one deliberate reversal is the flip-30 rule in second runs of technical events: the top 30 start in reverse order, so the first-run leader skis last on the worst snow. It is the sport's built-in equaliser and it overturns leads constantly.

What happens if a racer misses a gate?

They are disqualified, and the time is deleted from the results regardless of how fast the run was. Both ski tips and both feet must pass between the two poles of a gate; straddling — putting one ski on each side of a turning pole — counts as a miss. A racer who realises the error may climb back up and pass through the gate correctly, and the run then stands, though the lost seconds normally end any chance of a result. Video gate judges review marginal cases after the run. This is why coaches at the finish look for the flags before they look at the clock, and why a scoreboard sometimes shows DSQ beside a winning time.

Start with this section - GOAT Rankings

Ranking alpine skiers means weighing three incompatible currencies. World Cup victories reward consistency over a five-month season but were unavailable before 1967. Crystal Globes reward all-round excellence across disciplines but punish specialists. Olympic and world championship golds are the sport's most visible prizes and are decided by a single run on a single morning, which makes them partly a lottery. This list weighs all three, plus peak dominance — how far ahead of the field the best version of this racer actually was — and it accepts that a slalom specialist and a downhiller are being compared across a gap that no statistic fully bridges.

One name sits above the argument on volume. Mikaela Shiffrin holds the all-time World Cup victory record for either sex, the single-season records for wins and points, and the most world championship golds of the modern era. The counter-cases are strong and mostly structural: Ingemar Stenmark won 86 races contesting only two disciplines in an era with fewer of them on the calendar, Marcel Hirscher won eight consecutive overall titles against deeper men's fields than any era before, and Annemarie Moser-Proll dominated the 1970s so thoroughly she won eleven downhills in a row.

All-time podium

🥈
Ingemar Stenmark
Ingemar Stenmark
Sweden
2
🥇
Mikaela Shiffrin
Mikaela Shiffrin
United States
1
🥉
Marcel Hirscher
Marcel Hirscher
Austria
3

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Compare · in selection · Career

  1. 1Mikaela Shiffrin70
  2. 2Marcel Hirscher69
  3. 3Annemarie Moser-Proll53
  4. 4Ingemar Stenmark47
  5. 5Lindsey Vonn44

World Cup wins

Mikaela Shiffrin100+
Ingemar Stenmark86
Lindsey Vonn82
Marcel Hirscher67
Annemarie Moser-Proll62

Overall World Cup titles

Marcel Hirscher8
Annemarie Moser-Proll6
Mikaela Shiffrin5
Lindsey Vonn4
Ingemar Stenmark3

World Championship golds

Mikaela Shiffrin8
Marcel Hirscher7
Annemarie Moser-Proll5
Ingemar Stenmark3
Lindsey Vonn2

Olympic golds

Mikaela Shiffrin2
Marcel Hirscher2
Ingemar Stenmark2
Annemarie Moser-Proll1
Lindsey Vonn1

Olympic medals

Mikaela Shiffrin3
Marcel Hirscher3
Annemarie Moser-Proll3
Lindsey Vonn3
Ingemar Stenmark2

The top 10

1
Mikaela Shiffrin

Mikaela Shiffrin

United States · 2011-present

The most successful racer the World Cup has produced. Shiffrin won her first World Cup race at 17, took her first world slalom title at 17 and Olympic slalom gold at 18, and then kept accelerating: she passed Lindsey Vonn's women's record of 82 wins at Kranjska Gora in January 2023, passed Ingemar Stenmark's all-time record of 86 at Kronplatz days later, and won her 100th World Cup race in the Sestriere slalom on 23 February 2025, months after a serious abdominal injury in a crash at Killington. Her 2018-19 season — 17 victories and 2,204 points — is the single most dominant campaign in the history of either tour. She has five overall Crystal Globes, eight world championship golds, more than 60 slalom wins, and victories in all six World Cup disciplines including downhill and the parallel event. The only line on her record that stays open is Olympic gold beyond her two, in a sport where a single morning decides everything.

World Cup wins
100+
Overall World Cup titles
5
World Championship golds
8
Olympic golds
2
Olympic medals
3
2
Ingemar Stenmark

Ingemar Stenmark

Sweden · 1973-1989

For 34 years the answer to the question of who had won most, and still the men's record-holder. The Swede took 86 World Cup victories — 46 in giant slalom, 40 in slalom — without ever seriously contesting a downhill, which meant he was surrendering an entire half of the points table and winning the overall title anyway, three years running from 1976 to 1978. In 1978-79 he won 13 races in a season. At Lake Placid in 1980 he won both technical golds, coming from well behind in the first run each time, and he added world titles in 1978 and a slalom-giant slalom double at Schladming in 1982. His style was the argument for economy: minimal upper-body movement, no visible effort, a line so precise that his runs look slow on film until the split times appear. He was also the last great champion of the straight ski, retiring in 1989 four years before the shaped ski arrived.

World Cup wins
86
Overall World Cup titles
3
World Championship golds
3
Olympic golds
2
Olympic medals
2
3
Marcel Hirscher

Marcel Hirscher

Austria · 2007-2019, 2024-

The most dominant season-long racer in the history of the men's circuit. Hirscher won eight consecutive overall Crystal Globes from 2012 to 2019, a run no alpine skier of either sex has approached — Marc Girardelli's five had stood as the men's record since 1993 — and did it against the deepest technical fields the sport has staged, with Austria alone able to field a dozen plausible podium contenders. He finished with 67 World Cup wins, split between giant slalom and slalom, and seven world championship golds. The one gap was Olympic: after a silver in Sochi he finally won giant slalom and combined gold at Pyeongchang in 2018. He retired at 30 in perfect health, then returned in 2024 racing under the flag of the Netherlands, his mother's country, an unprecedented late-career switch that reopened a career everyone assumed was closed.

World Cup wins
67
Overall World Cup titles
8
World Championship golds
7
Olympic golds
2
Olympic medals
3
4
Lindsey Vonn

Lindsey Vonn

United States · 2000-2019, 2024-

The greatest speed racer in women's history and, until Shiffrin, the winningest woman on the circuit. Vonn's 82 World Cup victories include 43 downhills, a total nobody else in the sport is close to, and she won four overall Crystal Globes in five seasons between 2008 and 2012, a stretch in which she also took downhill and super-G world titles at Val d'Isere in 2009 and Olympic downhill gold at Vancouver in 2010. She collected 20 crystal globes in total across the overall, downhill, super-G and combined standings. Her career reads as a running argument with her own body: a shattered arm, two reconstructed knees, a broken ankle, a fractured humerus, and a retirement in 2019 forced by pain rather than form. She returned to World Cup racing in 2024 at 40 with a partially replaced knee, and podiumed again — the oldest woman ever to do so.

World Cup wins
82
Overall World Cup titles
4
World Championship golds
2
Olympic golds
1
Olympic medals
3
5
Annemarie Moser-Proll

Annemarie Moser-Proll

Austria · 1969-1980

The most complete dominance any woman exercised over the World Cup before Shiffrin. Moser-Proll won five consecutive overall Crystal Globes from 1971 to 1975, retired at 25, came back and won a sixth in 1979 — still the women's record — with 62 race victories in a period when the calendar was far shorter than it is today. Between December 1972 and January 1973 she won eleven consecutive downhills, a streak in a single discipline no racer has matched. She took five world championship golds and, at Lake Placid in 1980 in her final season, the Olympic downhill title that had eluded her through two silver medals at Sapporo in 1972. Contemporaries described a racer who simply attacked terrain other women managed, and her win rate across the seasons she contested remains the highest of any woman in the sport's history.

World Cup wins
62
Overall World Cup titles
6
World Championship golds
5
Olympic golds
1
Olympic medals
3
6
Hermann Maier

Hermann Maier

Austria · 1996-2009

The Herminator, a bricklayer rejected by the Austrian ski academy as a teenager for being too small, who arrived on the World Cup at 23 and immediately rebuilt the sport's idea of how hard a racer could attack. Maier won 54 World Cup races and four overall titles in 1998, 2000, 2001 and 2004, and his 2,000 points in 1999-2000 stood as the men's record for 23 years. His defining week came at Nagano in 1998: a crash in the downhill that launched him through two safety fences at over 100 km/h and was replayed worldwide, followed three days later by super-G gold and giant slalom gold. In August 2001 a motorcycle accident nearly cost him his right leg; he missed two seasons, returned in 2003, won the super-G globe in his comeback season and the overall title the year after. Nobody in the sport's history has recovered from more.

World Cup wins
54
Overall World Cup titles
4
World Championship golds
3
Olympic golds
2
Olympic medals
4
7
Marco Odermatt

Marco Odermatt

Switzerland · 2018-present

The best all-round male racer since Maier and the man who broke his points record. Odermatt won four consecutive overall Crystal Globes from 2022 to 2025, and in 2022-23 scored 2,042 points, passing the 2,000 Maier set in 1999-2000, while winning globes in giant slalom, super-G and downhill in the same seasons — the rarest achievement in modern racing, since the technical and speed disciplines now demand almost separate training programmes. He won Olympic giant slalom gold at Beijing in 2022 and world titles in downhill and giant slalom at Courchevel-Meribel in 2023, adding a further giant slalom world title at Saalbach in 2025. As of the end of the 2024-25 season he had passed 40 World Cup victories while still in his twenties, and he carries the Swiss team's speed programme, the strongest in the sport, on his results.

World Cup wins
40+
Overall World Cup titles
4
World Championship golds
3
Olympic golds
1
Olympic medals
1
8
Alberto Tomba

Alberto Tomba

Italy · 1985-1998

Tomba la Bomba took a sport followed by Alpine villages and made it a national event in Italy. He won 50 World Cup races — 35 slaloms and 15 giant slaloms — and three Olympic golds, taking both technical events at Calgary in 1988 and defending the giant slalom at Albertville in 1992, which made him the first alpine skier to win the same event at two Games. He medalled at three consecutive Olympics. His overall Crystal Globe came late, in 1995, and he closed with a slalom and giant slalom double at the 1996 world championships in Sierra Nevada. The numbers understate him: Tomba raced with a physical, aggressive line built on unusual leg strength, and he turned second runs into theatre, routinely coming from four or five places back. Italian television audiences for his slaloms reached levels the sport has never seen since.

World Cup wins
50
Overall World Cup titles
1
World Championship golds
2
Olympic golds
3
Olympic medals
5
9
Janica Kostelic

Janica Kostelic

Croatia · 1998-2007

The greatest championship racer in alpine history, from a country with no ski culture, no federation money and almost no mountains suitable for World Cup racing. Kostelic trained across Europe out of a family car with her father as coach, and at Salt Lake City in 2002 won giant slalom, combined and slalom golds plus super-G silver — four medals at one Games, the most any alpine skier has taken, and a haul no woman has matched. She defended the combined title at Turin in 2006 for a fourth Olympic gold, level with Kjetil Andre Aamodt at the top of the sport's all-time list. She won three overall Crystal Globes and 30 World Cup races, and a hat-trick of golds at the 2003 world championships in St. Moritz. She retired at 25 after nine knee operations and a thyroid condition, having won everything available on a body that had effectively been rebuilt twice.

World Cup wins
30
Overall World Cup titles
3
World Championship golds
4
Olympic golds
4
Olympic medals
6
10
Vreni Schneider

Vreni Schneider

Switzerland · 1984-1995

The dominant technical racer of her generation and the owner of the most extraordinary single season in women's skiing before Shiffrin. In 1988-89 Schneider won 14 of the 16 races she entered, a win rate no woman has matched, and she finished her career with 55 World Cup victories and three overall Crystal Globes in 1989, 1994 and 1995. At Calgary in 1988 she won both slalom and giant slalom; at Lillehammer in 1994, six years and a serious knee injury later, she won the slalom again and added silver and bronze, taking her career Olympic haul to five medals from three Games. She was world champion in giant slalom in 1987 and won two golds at Vail in 1989. Her giant slalom technique — quiet, endlessly patient with pressure through the arc — was the model Swiss coaching taught for two decades afterwards.

World Cup wins
55
Overall World Cup titles
3
World Championship golds
3
Olympic golds
3
Olympic medals
5
11

Kjetil Andre Aamodt

Norway · 1989-2006

The most decorated Olympian alpine skiing has produced, with eight medals across five Games from Albertville in 1992 to Turin in 2006 — a spread of championship longevity nobody else on this list approaches. Four of them were gold, level with Janica Kostelic at the top of the sport's all-time count, and three came in the same event: he won Olympic super-G in 1992, 2002 and 2006, at 20 and again at 34. He added combined gold at Salt Lake City and five world championship titles. His World Cup record is comparatively modest at 21 wins and a single overall Crystal Globe in 1994, and that gap is the case against him — but it also reflects a racer who contested all five disciplines seriously in an era of increasing specialisation, and who peaked, deliberately and repeatedly, in the weeks that mattered most.

World Cup wins
21
Overall World Cup titles
1
World Championship golds
5
Olympic golds
4
Olympic medals
8
12

Jean-Claude Killy

France · 1961-1968

The shortest great career on this list and one of the most concentrated. Killy won the first two World Cup overall titles in 1967 and 1968, taking 12 of 16 races in the inaugural season — a proportion of a calendar no racer has since approached — and then swept downhill, giant slalom and slalom at the Grenoble Olympics in 1968, matching Toni Sailer as the only men to win all three at one Games. He finished with 18 World Cup victories in a circuit that barely existed yet, plus the world combined titles of 1966 and 1968. He retired at 24 and became the sport's first modern commercial star, later co-presiding over the 1992 Albertville Games and sitting on the IOC. His ranking here reflects an obvious limitation of era rather than of talent: there simply was no long circuit for him to dominate.

World Cup wins
18
Overall World Cup titles
2
World Championship golds
2
Olympic golds
3
Olympic medals
3

Bars are scaled to the leader in this list.

The debate

The strongest objection to Shiffrin at the top is that the modern calendar inflates victory totals. She has raced a circuit of roughly forty women's events a year across six disciplines; Stenmark contested two disciplines on a shorter calendar, and Moser-Proll and Killy raced tours that in some seasons offered barely a dozen chances to win. Adjusting for opportunity, Moser-Proll's win rate across her prime and Killy's 12 wins from 16 starts in 1967 are the highest in the records, and Stenmark's 86 victories from essentially half a sport remains the most remarkable raw number the sport has produced. Anyone who weights rate over volume will reorder the top three.

The other permanent argument is between the season and the single morning. Marcel Hirscher won eight consecutive Crystal Globes and two Olympic golds; Janica Kostelic won three globes and four Olympic golds. Kjetil Andre Aamodt has more Olympic gold medals than Stenmark, Vonn and Odermatt combined and roughly a quarter of Stenmark's race wins. There is no neutral exchange rate between the two, and national traditions weight them differently — Austrian and Swiss racing culture treats the overall globe as the true championship, while much of the rest of the world counts Olympic medals first. Names just outside this twelve, notably Toni Sailer, Marc Girardelli, Franz Klammer, Aksel Lund Svindal, Anja Parson and Christl Cranz with her twelve world titles, would each rank higher under a different formula.

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