vs EUR
63Euro crosses matter for European and Mediterranean trade.
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Reserve weight98
Global reach99
Stability88
Cash culture55
Design icon90
Policy autonomy95
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Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Quick answers
What is the United States dollar?
United States dollar (USD) is issued or defined under Federal Reserve. The world's primary reserve and invoicing currency since Bretton Woods unravelled.
Who issues United States dollar?
Federal Reserve System sets monetary policy and oversees the unit; physical production involves United States Mint.
Is this a live exchange rate?
No. Tool-Lifes /money is a static educational atlas. It explains regimes, history and design without live tickers.
Why does United States dollar matter globally?
Global importance comes from trade invoicing, reserve holdings, financial contracts and migrant remittances — measured here as relative scores, not prices.
What does the reserve-weight score mean?
It ranks how heavily central banks and global finance rely on this unit compared with others in the atlas — an editorial 0–100 score.
Where can I see banknotes?
The Design chapter covers major note and coin types; images come from Wikimedia Commons when a free licence is available.
In FX, United States dollar is priced against other units. This chapter ranks typical pair importance and reserve uses without quoting live prices.
Vehicle-currency status, local-bond depth and trade invoicing explain why some units punch above their GDP weight.
Key pairs
Relative trading importance among major pairs — educational scores, not live rates.
DXY / majors
70Dollar index and major crosses are the usual USD quote venues.
vs JPY
45Yen crosses matter for Asian funding and carry trades.
vs CNY
35Renminbi pairs grow with China trade links.
Regional cross
50Neighbour-currency crosses serve local trade and travel.
Commodity cross
45Oil, metals or ags correlate with some EM and commodity currencies.
Reserve role
Official reserves
Relative reserve-weight score 98/100 versus peers in this atlas.
Private balances
Corporates and households hold deposits and securities in this unit offshore.
Safe-asset supply
Depth of government debt in this currency supports reserve use.
Intervention currency
Peers may buy or sell this unit when managing their own pegs.
Capital & trade flows
Trade invoicing
Goods and services priced in United States dollar create ongoing FX demand.
Portfolio flows
Bond and equity investors move in and out with global risk appetite.
FDI & tourism
Long-term investment and travel leave lasting FX footprints.
Remittances
Household transfers matter especially for emerging-market units.
Carry & funding
Interest differentials attract or repel short-term capital.
Key numbers
98Reserve score
99Reach score
88Stability score
95Autonomy score
For mechanics of spot, forwards and settlement, see the FX basics pillar.
Keep exploring
More in Reserve & majors
💶
EUR
Euro
The shared currency of the euro area — second only to the dollar in reserves and FX turnover.
Reserve weight 92 💴 JPYJapanese yen
Asia's deep funding currency — low rates, vast government-bond market, and a major reserve holding.
Reserve weight 78 💷 GBPPound sterling
One of the oldest continuously used currencies — still a top FX and reserve currency.
Reserve weight 70 🇨🇭 CHFSwiss franc
A safe-haven franc backed by a conservative central bank and a large financial centre.
Reserve weight 55 🇨🇳 CNYChinese yuan (renminbi)
China's currency — rising in trade settlement while capital controls still shape how freely it moves.
Reserve weight 48 🇨🇦 CADCanadian dollar
A commodity-linked G10 currency with polymer notes and a floating regime since 1970.
Reserve weight 42 🇦🇺 AUDAustralian dollar
A liquid commodity currency and pioneer of polymer banknotes.
Reserve weight 40