Eine Kohlenstofflage: Nobel, Composite-Hype, wenige ehrliche Einsätze.
Auch genannt: Monolage · 2-D carbon · CVD graphene
Graphen is one of 32 materials in this atlas, grouped under advanced: history, structure, measured properties, process routes, uses, safety and market — not a product catalogue.
Scores compare Graphen with the rest of the atlas on strength, heat, fire behaviour, insulation, workability and circularity. They are editorial, not certificates.
Seven chapters follow. Fire and insulation claims name test families (Euroclass, ASTM E84, ISO 5660, KS F) rather than inventing a single safety number.
Tiefe Einführung
Graphen (C (honeycomb monolayer)) is a family of grades whose density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m², heat band 2-D stability is a lab story, and fire letter carbon; not a building product.
Graphen is sold as grades, not as a single substance. Chemistry C (honeycomb monolayer), density areal mass ~0.77 mg/m², heat band 2-D stability is a lab story.
This atlas treats Graphen as a system: mill route, coatings, tests and the cavity it sits in.
Conductivity note: ~3000–5000 W/m·K in-plane (theory/exp bands). Insulation score 18/100 is relative to 32 entries — metals lose, VIPs and aerogels win.
Fire letter in editorial use: carbon; not a building product. Do not equate A1 with “safe in a blaze” or E with “illegal”. Assemblies decide.
Origin: Geim & Novoselov 2004, Manchester. The process chapter follows feedstock → conversion → forming → finish → install.
Uses span buildings to defence / safety. Pairings matter: carbon-fiber.
Producers below are landmarks, not an endorsement ranking. Prices are bands, not live quotes.
Circularity mark 42/100. Ask which scrap, which certificate, which year.
United Kingdom · 2004
Geim & Novoselov is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
United Kingdom · 2004
Scotch tape is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
Korea / US · 2010s
CVD copper roll is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
Global · 2007–
Graphen oxide paper is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
Global · 2010s
Hexagonal BN hetero is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
United Kingdom · 2015
Manchester NGI is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
Global · historic
Pencil graphite is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
EU · 2013–
Flagship logo era is a reference point in the public image of Graphen.
Ikonen ein- und ausschalten — jeder Balken skaliert auf den Führenden Ihrer Auswahl.
Gleiche Familie, andere Noten — ein Duell wählen.
Nächste Nachbarn auf den sechs Atlas-Achsen.
Polymerstämmige Filamente mit Graphitlagen: Aero, Räder; Brand ist das Harz.
Gesamt 49 ✈️Hohe spezifische Festigkeit und chloridfeste Filme.
Gesamt 58 🦺Aromatisches Polyamid: ballistische Packs, Heißgasfilter, Asbestersatz.
Gesamt 62 🩺Nahezu äquiatomares Ni–Ti mit Formgedächtnis und Superelastizität.
Gesamt 48Polymerstämmige Filamente mit Graphitlagen: Aero, Räder; Brand ist das Harz.
Gesamt 49 ☁️Nanosilikat-Schwamm: λ unter den niedrigsten Feststoffen; ohne Decke brüchig.
Gesamt 60 🩺Nahezu äquiatomares Ni–Ti mit Formgedächtnis und Superelastizität.
Gesamt 48 ☀️ABX3-Halogenide mit Laborsprung bei Solarzellen — Feuchte, Blei, Lebensdauer.
Gesamt 26