Skip to content
Tool·Lifes /Everything About the Brain
Apps
Explore Guides Search

🔌People

Intracranial EEG · Electrocorticography and depth electrodes — millimetre-scale human recordings that reveal high-frequency dynamics surgery can see.

OverviewOverviewAnatomyFunctionClinicalMethodsPeopleFrontiers

Reviewed 2026-08·Sources & research·Methodology·Media credits

Wilder Penfield
Intracranial EEGUnited States National Library of Medicine · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Eight voices who shaped epilepsy surgery mapping, high-frequency analysis and the ethics of human intracranial recording.

Portraits resolve via Wikimedia when licences allow.

People

01 Wilder Penfield

Wilder Penfield

1891–1976 · Canada

Awake mapping

Pioneer of intraoperative cortical stimulation mapping.

02

Herbert Jasper

1906–1999 · Canada

EEG & epilepsy

Foundational EEG work with Penfield on localisation.

03 ECoG

Jean Gotman

b. 1940s · Canada

iEEG analysis

Computational approaches to intracranial spike and seizure analysis.

04 High-gamma

Nathan Crone

20th–21st c. · USA

High-gamma

Mapped high-frequency gamma as a functional index.

05 iEEG

Jean-Philippe Lachaux

b. 1970s · France

HF activity

Syntheses of high-frequency neural activity in cognition.

06

Josef Parvizi

b. 1960s · Iran/USA

Promises & limits

Articulated promises and limitations of human iEEG.

07

Sabine Kastner

b. 1964 · Germany/USA

Attention systems

Co-author perspective on iEEG in cognitive systems.

08

Itzhak Fried

b. 1940s · Israel/USA

Single units / MTL

Human single-neuron recordings in medial temporal lobe.

Read primary papers before BCI hype summaries.

Sources & research

  1. Promises and limitations of human intracranial electroencephalographyParvizi J; Kastner S · 2018 · Nature NeurosciencePromises and limits of human iEEG.DOI
  2. High-frequency neural activity and human cognition: past, present and possible future of intracranial EEG researchLachaux JP; et al. · 2012 · Progress in NeurobiologyHigh-frequency activity and cognition review.DOI
  3. High-frequency gamma oscillations and human brain mapping with electrocorticographyCrone NE; et al. · 2006 · Progress in Brain ResearchHigh-gamma mapping with ECoG.DOI

Media credits

Keep exploring

Overview

→

Anatomy

→

Function

→

Clinical

→

Methods

→

Frontiers

→

More in Methods

🧲

fMRI

Blood-oxygen signals that map task and resting-state networks.

Research 70 📈

EEG

Millisecond electrical rhythms from scalp and intracranial arrays.

Research 95 💉

PET

Molecular imaging of metabolism, receptors and pathology tracers.

Research 79 📡

TMS

Noninvasive magnetic pulses that briefly perturb cortical circuits.

Research 70 💡

Optogenetics

Light-gated control of genetically defined neuron populations.

Research 58 🕸️

Connectomics

Mapping wiring diagrams from synapse to whole-brain networks.

Research 79 📡

MEG

Millisecond magnetic fields that map cortical dynamics noninvasively.

Research 83 🧭

Diffusion MRI

Water diffusion that reveals white-matter pathways in vivo.

Research 51