Wilder Penfield
1891–1976 · CanadaAwake mapping
Pioneer of intraoperative cortical stimulation mapping.
Darker cells mean a higher score for this topic on that metric.
Research82
Awareness45
Complexity85
Clinical weight75
Plasticity40
Live debate60
LessMore
Last reviewed Sources & creditsMedia creditsMethodology
Quick answers
What is intracranial EEG iEEG/ECoG?
Electrodes on or in the brain during clinical mapping — millimetre-scale timing that scalp EEG blurs. Teaching description of published methods.
When did Penfield-era cortical stimulation map speech?
Mid-20th-century Montreal work made awake mapping famous. Modern grids and stereo-EEG continue the classroom story without copying an OR checklist.
Is this a guide to implant surgery or dosing?
No. Educational methods atlas. Not a diagnosis, implant protocol, or medication dose.
What can iEEG resolve that scalp methods smear?
When and where populations engage during perception, speech, memory or movement — at scales scalp EEG averages away.
Research score 82 — a clinic ranking?
No. Editorial 0-100 in this methods field. Compare with EEG, fMRI and MEG neighbours.
Why do overview pages get clicks?
They name ECoG sites and cortical surface mapping early. Keep reading Overview, Anatomy, Function; do not self-schedule a procedure.
Eight voices who shaped epilepsy surgery mapping, high-frequency analysis and the ethics of human intracranial recording.
Portraits resolve via Wikimedia when licences allow.
People
Herbert Jasper
1906–1999 · CanadaEEG & epilepsy
Foundational EEG work with Penfield on localisation.
Jean Gotman
b. 1940s · CanadaiEEG analysis
Computational approaches to intracranial spike and seizure analysis.
Nathan Crone
20th–21st c. · USAHigh-gamma
Mapped high-frequency gamma as a functional index.
Jean-Philippe Lachaux
b. 1970s · FranceHF activity
Syntheses of high-frequency neural activity in cognition.
Josef Parvizi
b. 1960s · Iran/USAPromises & limits
Articulated promises and limitations of human iEEG.
Sabine Kastner
b. 1964 · Germany/USAAttention systems
Co-author perspective on iEEG in cognitive systems.
Itzhak Fried
b. 1940s · Israel/USASingle units / MTL
Human single-neuron recordings in medial temporal lobe.
Read primary papers before BCI hype summaries.
Sources & research
- Promises and limitations of human intracranial electroencephalographyPromises and limits of human iEEG.DOI
- High-frequency neural activity and human cognition: past, present and possible future of intracranial EEG researchHigh-frequency activity and cognition review.DOI
- High-frequency gamma oscillations and human brain mapping with electrocorticographyHigh-gamma mapping with ECoG.DOI
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