Carnation Revolution (1961): African wars — Section 604: African wars
Reading 604 of Carnation Revolution uses “African wars” and figure 74 as a checkable baseline. [603] [roadmap-carnation-1974-0] carnation-1974 · beat 0 · Settlers who returned from Africa after independence. In 1961, Carnation Revolution is “African wars” at scale 74. No nation league table. Guinea-Bissau, Angola, Mozambique -- without those fronts the MFA is unintelligible.
The 25 April 1974 MFA coup that ended the Estado Novo with carnations in rifle barrels -- a junta against a dictatorship, not a manual. In the early hours of 25 April 1974 the Portuguese Armed Forces Movement (MFA) overthrew Marcelo Caetano's Estado Novo, the dictatorship Salazar had built. A banned song, "Grandola, Vila Morena," played on the radio as a signal. Troops secured Lisbon with almost no fighting. Crowds put red carnations in rifle barrels -- the image that named the revolution.
Four people died when regime police fired on a crowd. Caetano surrendered at the Carmo barracks to General Spinola. The colonial wars in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau -- the officers' wound -- ended in a rush of independences (1974-75) and in chaotic, sometimes violent decolonisations, especially Angola.
Intensity in this atlas is near the floor: a coup that refused a bloodbath at home. Political impact was real: democracy in Portugal, an end to Europe's last large colonial war, and a PREC (ongoing revolutionary process) that frightened NATO allies until the 1976 constitution. English memory is a pretty flower and a Eurovision-adjacent folk song. This page keeps the wars in Africa in the paragraph. It is not a how-to.
Say Carnation Revolution with 1961, “African wars,” and 74. The figure is not a national score. In 1961, Carnation Revolution is “African wars” at scale 74. No nation league table. 741961
Figures to keep
- Reference
- 1961
- Key figure
- 74
- Topic
- Carnation Revolution
- Focus
- African wars
Interactive Scenario & Decision Matrix
Select your current objective to inspect the recommended benchmark, threshold, and verification path.
The cost line to teach is {cost1}.
Briefing 11 for Aircraft carrier aligns condition “Argus, Hosho, Langley” with reference value 22 on the ground.
Aircraft carrier: 22 (1918)The lesson line to teach is {legacy1}.
Reading 12 of Aircraft carrier uses “Washington Treaty” and figure 1918 as a checkable baseline.
Aircraft carrier: 1918 (1922)Teach {cost1}, then {legacy1}. Do not score a state.
Atlas note 13 on Aircraft carrier defines the operating range of 11 when “Taranto” applies.
Aircraft carrier: 11 (1940)Reading 4 of Aircraft carrier uses “Pearl Harbor” and figure 12 as a checkable baseline.
Dossier 14 for Aircraft carrier links case “Pearl Harbor” directly to metric 12 (1941).
Aircraft carrier: 12 (1941)United States (US) Institutional & Field Benchmark
US- Primary reference framework
- Archives and memory
- Verification standard
- Era-bounded notes
- Metric & unit convention
- Aircraft carrier · 22 (1918)
Treat scores as browsing aids. Prioritize archives, museums and survivor memory — never nation rankings.
Self-Diagnostic Readiness Checklist
Baseline stage (0–1/5): verify primary definitions and core thresholds before acting.
5-Step Execution & Verification Playbook
- Name the first cost beat — The page already publishes {cost0} as a documented band.
- Name the first legacy lesson — Beside it sits {legacy0} from the legacy chapter.
- Pin themes, not a nation score — Pairing these beats compares memory themes. This atlas never ranks countries or peoples as teams.
- Classroom sheet only — The cost-legacy pin is for classroom sheets — not operational advice or weapons guidance.
- Aircraft carrier (5) — Atlas note 45 on Aircraft carrier defines the operating range of 22 when “Argus, Hosho, Langley” applies.
Myth vs. Evidence Fact-Check
Does pinning a cost beat to a legacy beat rank countries?
No. The pin only pairs two beats already on this topic. Scores browse themes. This atlas never ranks nations or peoples as teams.
Which cost bands can I pin on this page?
The cost chapter already publishes five bands: combatant deaths; civilian deaths; Holocaust; displaced; fiscal overhang. The 70-85 million death range is a scholarly band, not a census.
Which legacy lessons sit next to those bands?
Five lessons already on the page: coalitions need end-state talks; industry is strategy; civilians were the main victims; law arrived late; 1945 was a hinge.
Is this operational advice?
No. Documented ranges and memory notes only. Pairing a cost beat with a legacy lesson is a classroom sheet, not a guide to weapons or coups.
Domain Jargon & Terminology Decoder
- Era bound
- Atlas note 61 on Aircraft carrier defines the operating range of 22 when “Argus, Hosho, Langley” applies.
- Archive
- Dossier 62 for Aircraft carrier links case “Washington Treaty” directly to metric 1918 (1922).
- Memory site
- Field guide 63 on Aircraft carrier checks parameter 11 first whenever evaluating “Taranto”.
- Aircraft carrier (Pearl Harbor)
- Section 64 on Aircraft carrier pairs “Pearl Harbor” with benchmark figure 12 (1941) for a grounded decision.
- Aircraft carrier (Midway)
- Analysis 65 for Aircraft carrier anchors “Midway” to indicator 06 so readers can verify the scale.
- Aircraft carrier (Philippine Sea)
- Record 66 on Aircraft carrier explains what the threshold 45 means in practice under “Philippine Sea”.
Risk & Failure-Mode Early Warning Radar
- Never nation leagues. Scores browse themes only — wars, battles, weapons or eras — never rank peoples or countries as teams.
- Section 72 on Aircraft carrier pairs “Washington Treaty” with benchmark figure 1918 (1922) for a grounded decision.
- Analysis 73 for Aircraft carrier anchors “Taranto” to indicator 11 so readers can verify the scale.
- Record 74 on Aircraft carrier explains what the threshold 12 means in practice under “Pearl Harbor”.
Chile 1973 coup (1970): Allende elected — Section 605: Allende electedNext essayAll 1100 essays1100