Carnation Revolution (1974): Spinola crises — Section 156: Spinola crises
Reading 156 of Carnation Revolution uses “Spinola crises” and figure 09 as a checkable baseline. [155] [more-carnation-1974-55] A decade of African wars, a closed political system, and junior officers who could not see a military victory On a timeline, write the date and place of Carnation Revolution before any adjective of victory. Year 1974, line “Spinola crises,” figure 09. Do not read the dead as points.
A decade of African wars, a closed political system, and junior officers who could not see a military victory produced the MFA. Spinola's book Portugal and the Future (1974) cracked public speech. This is a political-military cause, not a tactic list. Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho's operations plan moved units into Lisbon. The Carmo surrender was televised. Carnations were a civilian improvisation on a nearly bloodless seizure.
Four dead from PIDE/DGS fire remain the day's ledger -- low is not none. 1974-76 saw nationalisations, land occupations, and a near-miss of civil conflict. Angola's independence became a Cold War war. Retornados flooded Portugal. NATO watched a member state's revolution with alarm; the 1976 constitution settled a democracy.
25 April is a Portuguese civic holiday. English travel writing keeps the flowers and drops the African dead of the prior decade. This atlas will not. Memory of a gentle coup stays dated: 1974-04-25 (Carmo surrender) in Lisbon and Portuguese armed forces; aftershocks in Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau. Salgueiro Maia (Captain on the ground) is a named witness -- The televised young officer of Carmo -- a popular face of the captains. Cost band: four dead from residual regime fire; a famously low-blood seizure that ended a dictatorship and a colonial war. Encyclopedia, not a method.
The timeline keeps year, place, and what moved. If “Spinola crises” is the movement, the figure is 09 and the year is 1974.1974
Figures to keep
- Reference
- 1974
- Key figure
- 09
- Topic
- Carnation Revolution
- Focus
- Spinola crises
Interactive Scenario & Decision Matrix
Select your current objective to inspect the recommended benchmark, threshold, and verification path.
The cost line to teach is {cost1}.
Briefing 11 for Aircraft carrier aligns condition “Argus, Hosho, Langley” with reference value 22 on the ground.
Aircraft carrier: 22 (1918)The lesson line to teach is {legacy1}.
Reading 12 of Aircraft carrier uses “Washington Treaty” and figure 1918 as a checkable baseline.
Aircraft carrier: 1918 (1922)Teach {cost1}, then {legacy1}. Do not score a state.
Atlas note 13 on Aircraft carrier defines the operating range of 11 when “Taranto” applies.
Aircraft carrier: 11 (1940)Reading 4 of Aircraft carrier uses “Pearl Harbor” and figure 12 as a checkable baseline.
Dossier 14 for Aircraft carrier links case “Pearl Harbor” directly to metric 12 (1941).
Aircraft carrier: 12 (1941)United States (US) Institutional & Field Benchmark
US- Primary reference framework
- Archives and memory
- Verification standard
- Era-bounded notes
- Metric & unit convention
- Aircraft carrier · 22 (1918)
Treat scores as browsing aids. Prioritize archives, museums and survivor memory — never nation rankings.
Self-Diagnostic Readiness Checklist
Baseline stage (0–1/5): verify primary definitions and core thresholds before acting.
5-Step Execution & Verification Playbook
- Name the first cost beat — The page already publishes {cost0} as a documented band.
- Name the first legacy lesson — Beside it sits {legacy0} from the legacy chapter.
- Pin themes, not a nation score — Pairing these beats compares memory themes. This atlas never ranks countries or peoples as teams.
- Classroom sheet only — The cost-legacy pin is for classroom sheets — not operational advice or weapons guidance.
- Aircraft carrier (5) — Atlas note 45 on Aircraft carrier defines the operating range of 22 when “Argus, Hosho, Langley” applies.
Myth vs. Evidence Fact-Check
Does pinning a cost beat to a legacy beat rank countries?
No. The pin only pairs two beats already on this topic. Scores browse themes. This atlas never ranks nations or peoples as teams.
Which cost bands can I pin on this page?
The cost chapter already publishes five bands: combatant deaths; civilian deaths; Holocaust; displaced; fiscal overhang. The 70-85 million death range is a scholarly band, not a census.
Which legacy lessons sit next to those bands?
Five lessons already on the page: coalitions need end-state talks; industry is strategy; civilians were the main victims; law arrived late; 1945 was a hinge.
Is this operational advice?
No. Documented ranges and memory notes only. Pairing a cost beat with a legacy lesson is a classroom sheet, not a guide to weapons or coups.
Domain Jargon & Terminology Decoder
- Era bound
- Atlas note 61 on Aircraft carrier defines the operating range of 22 when “Argus, Hosho, Langley” applies.
- Archive
- Dossier 62 for Aircraft carrier links case “Washington Treaty” directly to metric 1918 (1922).
- Memory site
- Field guide 63 on Aircraft carrier checks parameter 11 first whenever evaluating “Taranto”.
- Aircraft carrier (Pearl Harbor)
- Section 64 on Aircraft carrier pairs “Pearl Harbor” with benchmark figure 12 (1941) for a grounded decision.
- Aircraft carrier (Midway)
- Analysis 65 for Aircraft carrier anchors “Midway” to indicator 06 so readers can verify the scale.
- Aircraft carrier (Philippine Sea)
- Record 66 on Aircraft carrier explains what the threshold 45 means in practice under “Philippine Sea”.
Risk & Failure-Mode Early Warning Radar
- Never nation leagues. Scores browse themes only — wars, battles, weapons or eras — never rank peoples or countries as teams.
- Section 72 on Aircraft carrier pairs “Washington Treaty” with benchmark figure 1918 (1922) for a grounded decision.
- Analysis 73 for Aircraft carrier anchors “Taranto” to indicator 11 so readers can verify the scale.
- Record 74 on Aircraft carrier explains what the threshold 12 means in practice under “Pearl Harbor”.
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